Novel dialkyloxy- and dihydroxyoctahydroperylenes are regioselectively
available via a new tandem Friedel–Crafts alkylation of
tetrahydronaphthalene precursors followed by oxidative aromatization. Heating of
5-alkyloxy-1-tetralol with p-toluenesulfonic acid in sulfolane
gave the corresponding octahydroperylenes in moderate yields. Studies with Lewis
acids and tetralin-1,5-diol in acetonitrile at room temperature provided the
4,10-dihydroxy analogue cleanly, albeit in reduced yields. Examples of these new
series of perylene analogues were partially oxidized to the corresponding
contiguously aromatic, anthracene core products or fully aromatized to
3,9-dialkyloxyperylenes in good yields.
We have developed a new method for controlling the size, crystallinity, and polydispersity of 100–2000 nm tetrafluoride phosphor particles. Five polyol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were downselected out of a set of more than 130 candidates. We analyzed their benefits in synthesizing phosphor matrix particles of β-NaYF4, β-NaYbF4, and β-NaGdF4. We produced green (λmax = 540 nm) and blue/UV (λmax = 450 nm) upconverting phosphors in DES using Yb,Er and Yb,Tm codopants, respectively. The blue/UV phosphor reaction was scaled the up to 25 L, yielding nearly 400 g of high-quality, bright photoluminescent, β-phase product under mild conditions. We conclude that polyol-based DES systems offer a uniquely specialized and useful toolkit for phosphor synthesis.
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