The Positive Reinforcement Observation Schedule was used to obtain data concerning expressed preference for and observed use of positive reinforcement in integrated classrooms taught by 30 black and 30 white female elementary school teachers. Results indicated the following: (a) Black and white teachers emit virtually equal rates and types of reinforcers. (b) Only 32% of the combined sample actually use the reinforcers they state they prefer, (c) Reinforcement emission in classrooms occurs at a relatively low rate, (d) Teachers reinforce oppositeraced children more frequently than children of their own race, (e) Males are reinforced more frequently than females. (/) Black females are the least reinforced group of all. These results are related to previous research and implications are drawn.
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