The Communication Patterns Questionnaire-Short Form (CPQ-SF) is an 11-item self-assessment of spouses' perceptions of marital interactions. A cited reference review of the CPQ-SF literature revealed no formal assessment of its psychometric properties and that researchers are imprecise in their use, reporting, and referencing of the assessment. Toward improving the use of the CPQ-SF in research and practice, the factor structure and psychometric properties of this scale were examined with data collected from a diverse sample of married individuals. Three latent constructs were identified: criticize/defend, discuss/avoid, and positive interaction patterns. Support for the original two-factor structure, demand/withdrawal and positive interaction, was also found. Suggestions for a more precise use of the CPQ-SF in research and practice conclude the paper.

This study investigates demand/withdraw communication and spousal expressions of gratitude as intervening variables in the association between financial distress and marital quality. With a sample of 468 married individuals, dual-mediation models revealed demand/withdraw transmitted the effect of financial distress onto 3 different marital outcomes; in most instances, this indirect effect occurred through total couple demand/withdraw and not one spouse-specific pattern. In moderated mediation models, spousal gratitude exerted main effects on all marital outcomes and, for a subset of outcomes, protective effects for couples with high levels of demand/withdraw. Results elucidate how demand/withdraw patterns link financial distress to marital outcomes and highlight spousal gratitude expressions as a promising, yet understudied, process within couples that promotes and protects marital quality.

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This research investigated if married couples' positive and negative communication patterns mediate the association between financial wellness and relationship satisfaction. Data were collected from married individuals in a southern state in 2007 (N = 515) and 2011 (N = 489). Guided by social exchange theory, structural equation models isolated the mediating effects of positive and negative communication patterns. In concert with a consistent and positive direct path from financial wellness to relationship satisfaction, financial wellness was positively associated with positive communication patterns and negatively associated with negative communication patterns. Although a mediating role for positive communication was not identified, negative communication patterns indicated full mediation with the 2007 sample and partial mediation with the 2011 sample. Implications for understanding the effects of finances and couple communication processes on relationship satisfaction are discussed.

Resource‐constrained families face difficult choices when attempting to meet their basic needs and enhance their health and wellness. This research investigated the relationship between a family’s efforts to access enough food and pay their medical bills through an examination of data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. The data provided information on out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures and responses to an abbreviated version of the U.S. Department of Agriculture food insecurity module for nearly 50,000 people in more than 16,000 U.S. families. A two‐stage probit‐least squares procedure accounted for the endogeneity of food and medical care expenditures, providing insight into the decisions that families make when allocating resources to food and medical care. The results indicated that the probability of experiencing food insecurity increased as out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures increased. Notably, there was no evidence for the reverse relationship—food security status did not affect medical expenditures. The results suggest that programs that seek to help families reduce out‐of‐pocket medical costs may indirectly improve access to food and nutrition.

Growing evidence demonstrates the importance of transportation in improving family economic well being. This article sheds light on the hardship that one important transportation asset, private vehicles, may exert on families. Data from the Iowa Transportation and Employment Survey provided a unique opportunity to understand how vehicle access enables households to meet their basic needs, but may exacerbate their problems through the creation of additional demands on resources. Approximately 26% of the sample reported having experienced transportation hardship. The strongest predictors of transportation hardship were the presence of children in the household, low income, driving less reliable vehicles, and the unavailability of transportation assistance from someone outside the household. How to help families meet their transportation needs in light of this evidence remains open to debate.

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