The incidence of ES has not increased appreciably over the last 30 years. A marked decrease in the proportion of unstaged cases may be reflective of diagnostic improvement or changes in reporting. There is a clear improvement in survival for both localized and metastatic disease. Poorer outcome of metastatic patients still warrants intensification of therapy, which is currently being tested in several ongoing trials.

The overall risk of second malignancies after Ewing's sarcomas is similar to that associated with treatment for other childhood cancers. The radiation dose-dependency of secondary sarcomas justifies modification in therapy to reduce radiation doses.

Adults with neuroblastoma have significantly worse outcome than children. This may be due to tumor biology, more virulent clinical course, or possibly due to the fact that adults are less sensitive or have poor tolerance to pediatric chemotherapy regimens.

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