Objectives: Most children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have mild to moderate forms, for which neurobehavioral complications are believed to be the most important adverse outcomes. To improve understanding of this morbidity, its long-term response to adenotonsillectomy, and its relationship to polysomnographic measures, we studied a series of children before and after clinically-indicated adenotonsillectomy or unrelated surgical care.Methods: We recorded sleep and assessed behavioral, cognitive, and psychiatric morbidity in 105 children 5.0 to 12.9 years old: 78 were scheduled for clinically-indicated adenotonsillectomy, usually for suspected SDB, and 27 for unrelated surgical care. One year later, we repeated all assessments in 100 of these children.Results: Adenotonsillectomy subjects, in comparison to controls, were more hyperactive on wellvalidated parent rating scales (p<0.001), inattentive on cognitive testing (p=0.003), sleepy on Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (p=0.002), and likely to have DSM-IV-defined Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder as judged by a child psychiatrist (p=0.03). In contrast, one year later, the two groups showed no significant differences in the same measures. Adenotonsillectomy subjects had improved substantially (p≤0.01) in all measures and control subjects in none. However, polysomnographic assessment of baseline SDB and its subsequent amelioration did not clearly predict either baseline neurobehavioral morbidity or improvement in any area other than sleepiness.Conclusions: Children scheduled for adenotonsillectomy often have mild to moderate SDB and significant neurobehavioral morbidity --including hyperactivity, inattention, Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, and excessive daytime sleepiness --all of which tend to improve by one year after surgery. However, the lack of better correspondence between SDB measures and neurobehavioral outcomes suggests the need for better measures or improved understanding of underlying causal mechanisms.

No abstract

Emotional intelligence training positively influences patient satisfaction and may enhance medical education and health care outcome.

Propofol anesthesia does not influence agitation after adenotonsillectomy, as measured by the PAED score. A PAED score of ≥ 10 was not useful in identifying patients with ED. However, propofol maintenance is associated with less need for pain medication in the recovery room and a lower incidence of PONV compared to sevoflurane anesthesia.