Homeostasis of blood volume (BV) is attained through a functional interaction between the cardiovascular and renal systems. The gastrointestinal tract also adjusts its permeability and motor behavior after acute BV imbalances. We evaluated the effect of progressive nephron loss on gut motility. Male Wistar rats were subjected or not (sham) to 5/6 partial nephrectomy (PNX) in two steps (0 and 7th day). After further 3, 7, or 14 days, PNX and sham operation (control) rats were instrumented to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), and blood collection for biochemical analysis. The next day, they were gavage fed with a liquid test meal (phenol red in glucose solution), and fractional dye recovery determined 10, 20, or 30 min later. The effect of nonhypotensive hypovolemia and the role of neuroautonomic pathways on PNX-induced gastric emptying (GE) delay were also evaluated. Compared with the sham-operated group, PNX rats exhibited higher (P < 0.05) MAP and CVP values as well as increased values of gastric dye recovery, phenomenon proportional to the BV values. Gastric retention was prevented by prior hypovolemia, bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, coelic ganglionectomy + splanchnicectomy, guanethidine, or atropine pretreatment. PNX also inhibited (P < 0.05) the marker's progression through the small intestine. In anesthetized rats, PNX increased (P < 0.05) gastric volume, measured by a balloon catheter in a barostat system. In conclusion, the progressive loss of kidney function delayed the GE rate, which may contribute to gut dysmotility complaints associated with severe renal failure.
A Degeneração Mixomatosa de Valva Mitral (DMVM) é a cardiopatia mais diagnosticada em cães, geralmente adultos e idosos e, tem por característica a alteração de uma ou ambas as valvas atrioventriculares, frequentemente acometendo a valva mitral, ocasionando regurgitação valvar e transtorno cardiovascular, cujo alguns pacientes apresentam pré-clínica extensa e assintomática, enquanto outros, quadros avançados da patologia. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever sobre a DMVM em cães, bem como relatar um caso clínico equivalente. Na cidade de Sobral-CE, foi possível acompanhar o caso de um cão, da raça dachshund, de 7 anos de idade, com sinais clínicos de tosse e síncopes, sendo posteriormente confirmado a DMVM por exames diagnósticos de ecocardiograma, eletrocardiograma e radiografia torácica, apresentando insuficiência em ambas as valvas atrioventriculares. Foi então realizado o tratamento para a presente afecção com uso de iECA, inotrópico positivo, diurético e espironolactona, cujos após administração o paciente apresentou significante melhora clínica em seu retorno médico. O prognóstico da doença pode depender do seu estadiamento e do tempo em que o paciente é diagnosticado, assim como da realização adequada do tratamento. Desta forma, o paciente do presente relato apresentou sintomatologia clínica e exames de diagnóstico compatíveis com a literatura, obtendo êxito com poucas semanas de tratamento.
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