Famotidine is a potent histamine 2 antagonist used in the treatment of gastric acid overproduction. Famotidine belongs to Class IV in Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) which has low solubility and membrane permeability. The purpose of this study was to compare the solubility and dissolution profile of solid dispersions (SDs) of famotidine with mannitol (SD-MAN) and with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (SD-HPMC), and to comparatively study their in vivo effectiveness against hyperacidity. Famotidine SDs were prepared by cogrinding technique with the respective carriers in various ratios and grinding time. SDs with the best solubility underwent dissolution rate studies, solid-state characterization, and in vivo efficacy evaluation. The in vivo evaluation was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats receiving famotidine formulations in the dose equivalent to 12 mg/kg of famotidine. The study found that the famotidine SDs could greatly improve the solubility of famotidine by 100.61 and 120.91% for SD-MAN and SD-HPMC, respectively. The solid-state characterization revealed the decrease in crystallinity degree of famotidine solid dispersion systems. The comparative study on the in vivo efficacy of famotidine SDs showed that SD-HPMC was significantly better than SD-MAN. This study concludes that SDs can improve the solubility and in vivo effectiveness of famotidine in overproduction of gastric acid.
Purpose: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulation of the host response due to infection. Sepsis is caused by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moringa oleifera (Mo) leaves naturally contains antiinflammation and antioxidant. We aim to investigate Mo leaves in sepsis.Patients and methods: This is an experimental laboratory study with Post Test Only Control Group Design. 30 Winstar males rats were divided into four treatment groups; each consist of 6 rats. The negative group, the positive control group received an injection of LPS dose of 0.25 mg/kg BW, and the interventional group with Mo-EA dose of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg BW. The Annova and Kruskal-Wallis test was used in this study. The significant p-value<0.05. The measured outcome were neutrophil levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) / Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT).Results: The neutrophil, MDA, SGOT, and SGPT levels were decreased significantly within the treated group. MO Fraction can decrease the serum of MDA, Neutrophil, and SGOT/SGPT levels in days 3 and 7 (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was a decrease in the level of Neutrophil, MDA, SGOT, and SGPT improvement of Hepar organ dysfunction after administration of MO Extract, so it is useful to inhibit the progression of sepsis.
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