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Background For cervical foraminal nerve root decompression, anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) or posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) can be applied. Amongst neurosurgeons, there seems to be a tendency to prefer ACDF over PCF, even though there are some advantages in favor of PCF. The object of present study is to evaluate which factors determine the choice for an anterior or posterior surgical approach in patients with a cervical radicular syndrome based on foraminal pathology. Methods A web-based survey was sent to all 133 neurosurgeons in the Netherlands. The first part focused on general perceived (dis)advantages of ACDF and PCF. The second part concerned questions about the choice between the two procedures. Furthermore, it was analyzed if exposure during training, amount of performed surgeries, assumed reoperation and complication rates influenced the choice of procedure by conducting Chi-square tests with post-hoc analysis. Results A total of 56 neurosurgeons responded (42%). Of these, 77% performed more than 10 ACDF and 25% more than 10 PCF annually. An overall preference for ACDF was observed, even when differentiating for a pure disc prolapse, a spondylotic or a combined stenosis. The most relative important factors for motivating the preference for either ACDF or PCF were: the assumed best decompression of the nerve root (18%), perceived congruence with current literature (16%), exposure during residency (12%), personal comfort with the procedure (11%), and experience with the technique (11%). Conclusions In this survey, there was an overall preference for ACDF above PCF for the surgical treatment of a foraminal cervical radiculopathy. In addition to subjective factors as “experience” and “ comfort” with the procedure, the respondents often motivated their choice as “the best one according to literature”. As there is currently no evidence about the superiority of any of the procedures in literature, this assumption is remarkable.

Purpose. Research on patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG) showed neurocognitive impairments in various domains. However, social cognition has barely been investigated, while it is acknowledged as an important neurocognitive domain. Facial emotion recognition is a vital aspect of social cognition, but whether emotion recognition is affected by LGG and/or resection, is unclear. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the effect of LGG and resection, by examining emotion recognition pre- and postoperatively. Additionally, the relationship between emotion recognition and general cognition and tumor location was investigated. Methods. A longitudinal study, in which 30 patients with LGG who underwent resective surgery were included and matched with 63 healthy control participants (HC). Emotion recognition was measured with the Facial Expressions of Emotion-Stimuli and Tests (FEEST). General cognition was measured with neuropsychological tests. Correlations, within-group and between-group comparisons were calculated. Results. Before surgery, patients performed significantly worse than HC on FEEST total (M=46.9, SD=5.4 vs. M=49.5, SD=4.9, p<0.05, d=0.52) and FEEST Anger (M=7.6, SD=1.9 vs. M=8.3, SD=1.5, p<0.05, d=0.43). Paired comparisons showed no significant differences between FEEST-scores before and post-surgery. No significant correlations with general cognition (memory) and tumor location were found. Conclusion. This study shows similar impairments in emotion recognition in patients with LGG before and after resection, which indicates that the tumor itself contributes significantly to social cognitive dysfunction and that surgery caused no additional deficit. Impairments were not related to general cognitive deficits or tumor location. Consequently, incorporating tests for emotion recognition into neuropsychological assessment of patients with LGG is important.