Many studies have evaluated the effects of physical training on several metabolic parameters, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of detraining on these variables. Female mice were distributed into three experimental groups: sedentary controls (C-SED, not trained), trained controls (TR, trained for 10 weeks) and a detraining group (DT, animals detrained for 2 weeks after 8 weeks of training). The exercise protocol was performed by swimming applied for 60 min/day on 5 days/week. The DT group showed an increase of body weight in the 10th week when compared to the 8th week (after training cessation) and the TR group. The groups did not show differences in the plasma levels of corticosterone, glucose, total cholesterol or triglycerides. The DT group showed decreased glycogen content when compared to the TR group. No significant differences were found in the gene expression of glycogen synthase or glycogen phosphorylase or in hepatic glycogen content between CT and TR or DT group. We verified that after a training period of 8 weeks, the animals had an increase in body weight after two weeks of detraining. After two weeks of detraining, animals showed a decrease in liver glycogen content, without an altered fasting glucose concentration in their plasma.
Background: Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is a technique used for quantification of gene expression and the use of reference genes is very important to normalize the quantification results. Aim:To validate the most suitable reference genes for resistance exercise training (REx) and use of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) in three different rat tissues. Methods:A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: exposed to vehicle three times per week (wk) (CT); eight wk of REx exposed to vehicle three times per wk (T); exposed to DECA three times per wk (D); eight wk of REx exposed to DECA three times per wk (TD). Stability of the following genes was evaluated: beta actin (Actb), alpha Tubulin (Tubulin), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 (Hprt1) and 18s Ribossomal RNA (18s) in hypothalamus, adrenal gland and mesenteric fat tissue using GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. Results:In hypothalamus and adrenal, all genes were suitable and none was rejected by statistical analysis; however, in fat tissue, Actb, Gapdh and Hprt1 genes were rejected by geNorm but not the others two software. Conclusion:In hypothalamus and adrenal all selected genes analized were stable and can be used for qPCR gene expression analysis. However, in fat tissue we suggest the Tubulin gene as most stable gene.
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