The change in Global climate is due to increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The earths' observed climatic changes over the past 50 years are primarily caused by various human activities. The increasing global temperature over the past century by about 0.8°C and expected to rise between 0.9 and 3.5°C by 2100. Such changes will not only have a great effect on the growth and cultivation of different crops but also affect the reproduction, spread and severity of many plant pathogens. Various plant disease models have been developed to incorporate more sophisticated climate predictions at various levels. At the level, the adaptive potential of plant and pathogen populations may prove to be one of the most important predictors of the magnitude of climate change effects. This review highlights various influences of climate change on plant diseases and their effects with suitable examples.
The yield potential of Brassica juncea is constrained by many fungal diseases among which Alternaria blight poses a major challenge worldwide. Endophytic bacteria are increasingly recognized as a promising source of novel organic natural metabolites for a variety of biological activities. However endophytic bacteria belonging to the group Bacillus and fluorescent Pseudomonads are being reported as superior groups exploited for their role in combating phytopathogens. Therefore, the bacteria belonging to the above groups were primarily targeted for this study. In this study, fifty six endophytic bacteria were selectively isolated from seeds, roots and leaves of 20 different cultivars of Brassica juncea growing in various parts of North Eastern Region of India. Out of all isolates tested BS8, BS15, BS21 and FP13 show inhibition of 59.63%, 65.93%, 58.52% and 63.33 % respectively. When tested for functional properties, BS21 produced IAA as well as ammonia, BS15 and FP13 produced only Ammonia whereas BS8 solubilised Phosphate. BS8(Bacillus cereus), BS15(Bacillus subtilis), BS21 (Bacillus subtilis) and FP13 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) were selected on the basis of antagonistic as well as plant growth promoting properties for formulating a microbial consortium and subsequent evaluation in the field.
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