This paper presents a framework-based systematic review of existing research to understand the purchase behaviour of consumers for life insurance products. The TCM framework is adopted to provide an organized review of the theory, context and methods used in the articles under review. Antecedents, decisions and outcomes in the context of consumers' life insurance purchase behaviour are also discussed in detail using the ADO framework. The review aggregates 136 unique antecedents derived from 76 relevant articles and classifies them into eight broad categories.Further, the reasons for obtaining a positive or negative effect of a particular antecedent on life insurance purchase decisions or outcomes are also fully explored.Finally, TCM and ADO frameworks are used to identify the research gaps in the extant life insurance literature. Some of the important future avenues of the research, especially from the perspective of behavioural economics and pandemic scenarios such as COVID-19, are then explored.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) has been reported as one of the presenting symptoms amongst COVID-19 patients. However the literature available is disjunct on this aspect. This study is conducted to identify the prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease in Northern part of India. It's a cross-sectional observation study, conducted over 387 COVID-19 positive patients, at ENT dept of tertiary care hospital. A retrospective survey was conducted using a pre designed questionnaire and details of Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction was collected. The patient's demographic details, disease course and recovery time for olfactory (OD) and/or gustatory dysfunctions (GD) were collected. A total of 387 patients with COVID-19 completed the study. 228 (58.9%) patients suffered from influenza like illness (ILI) (fever, sore throat, dry cough, malaise, and myalgia). There was significant positive association seen between with ILI and OD and / or GD. 167/387 (43.15%) patients reported OD, and 153/387 (39.53%) reported GD. 43.71% and 50.3% patients had mild OD & GD respectively. Recovery rates for both OD and GD are high and almost similar, with 161 (96.4%) and 148 (96.73%) patients had complete recovery of smell and taste. Maximum recovery was noticed between 4 and 6 weeks. COVID-19 patients with habits have significantly high probability of developing OD &/or GD. There is a significant correlation between OD and GD and there is high probability that patients who reported to have OD will also have GD or vice versa. Prevalence of OD and GD in Indian population may not be as high as mentioned in western literature, however, both are frequent and early symptoms of COVID-19. Recent onset of these should be considered as red flag symptoms for COVID-19.
A series of sorptions and desorptions of water vapor have been carried out on raw cotton, dewaxed cotton, aqueous swollen cotton, and raw cotton activated by heat. Remarkable permanence and reproducibility of the hysteresis effect has been observed in each system. An attempt has been made to explain the results in the light of the "cavity theory of hysteresis in conjunction with the nature of changes brought about by such treatments.
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