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ElsevierMontañés Sanjuan, MT.; Sánchez Tovar, R.; Roux, MSB. (2014). The effectiveness of the stabilization/solidification process on the leachability and toxicity of the tannery sludge chromium. Journal of Environmental Management. 143:71-79. doi:10.1016Management. 143:71-79. doi:10. /j.jenvman.2014 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 do not improve it. The volume increase is lower as less sludge is replaced by cement and the relative amount of water decreases, and for the cement without additions of fly ashes or pozzolans. Therefore, the latter seems to be the most appropriate cement in spite of being more expensive. This is due to the fact that the minimum toxicity value is achieved with a lower amount of cement; and moreover, the volume increase in the mixtures is lower, minimizing the disposal cost to a landfill.

ElsevierSánchez Tovar, R.; Lee, K.; García Antón, J.; Schmuki, P. (2013) AbstractThe present work studies the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the growth of anodic TiO 2 nanostructures on Ti in a glycerol/water/NH 4 F electrolyte. Parameter screening for fluoride content, anodization voltage and rotation rate (Reynolds number) of a rotating anode showed that two distinctly different TiO 2 morphologies could be obtained: the classic ordered nanotubes or a nanoscale sponge layer. We present conditions for TiO 2 sponge formation and growth to several m thickness, and show that in specific cases sponge layers can be superior to tube morphologies, as illustrated for photoelectrochemical water-splitting under standard AM 1.5 conditions.

ElsevierFernández Domene, RM.; Sánchez Tovar, R.; Lucas-Granados, B.; Roselló-Márquez, G.; Garcia-Anton, J. (2017). A simple method to fabricate high-performance nanostructured WO3 photocatalysts with adjusted morphology in the presence of complexing agents. (J. .The rich and complex chemistry of tungsten was employed to synthesize innovative WO3 nanoplatelets/nanosheets by simple anodization in acidic electrolytes containing different concentrations of complexing agents or ligands, namely Fand H2O2. The morphological and photoelectrochemical properties of these nanostructures were characterized. The best of these nanostructures generated stable photocurrent densities of ca. 1.8 mA cm -2 at relatively low bias potentials (for WO3) of 0.7 VAg/AgCl under simulated solar irradiation, which can be attributed to a very high active surface area.This work demonstrates that the morphology and dimensions of these nanostructures, as well as their photoelectrochemical behavior, can be controlled by adjusting the ligand concentration in the electrolytes, hence providing an easy and non-expensive route to fabricate and customize high-performance nanostructured photocatalysts for clean energy production and environmental applications.

This work studies the photoelectrochemical behavior of novel ZnO/ZnS heterostructures obtained by means of anodization in water and glycerol/water/NH 4 F electrolytes with different Na 2 S additions under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. For this purpose different techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FE-SEM) with EDX, Raman spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical water splitting tests under standard AM 1.5 conditions have been carried out. The obtained results showed that the hydrodynamic conditions promoted an ordered nanotubular morphology which facilitates electron-hole separation and consequently, the photoelectrochemical activity for water splitting is enhanced. Additionally, the effect of glycerol in the anodization solutions seems to be beneficial for increasing the dark current photostability.

In the present work, a new WO 3 nanostructure has been obtained by anodization in a H 2 SO 4 /NaF electrolyte under controlled hydrodynamic conditions using a Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) configuration. Anodized samples were analyzed by means of Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FE-SEM), Confocal Raman Microscopy and photoelectrochemical measurements. The new nanostructure, which consists of nanoplatelets clusters growing in a tree-like manner, presents a very high surface area exposed to the electrolyte, leading to an outstanding enhancement of its photoelectrochemical activity. Obtained results show that the size of nanostructures and the percentage of electrode surface covered by these nanostructures depend strongly on the rotation velocity and the electrolyte composition.

Improvement in photocatalytic activity of stable WO3 nanoplatelet globular clusters arranged in a tree-like fashion: Influence of rotation velocity during anodization. Applied Catalysis B:

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