The authors review the cases of 116 infants treated consecutively for birth-related brachial plexus injuries. Twenty-eight infants with upper brachial plexus lesions who showed no neurological improvement by 4 months of age were selected for early surgical reconstruction (at a mean age of 5 months). Neurological improvement of the affected arm was observed in more than 90% (p < 0.05) of the children examined longer than 9 months after brachial plexus reconstruction. A conservatively managed control subgroup of 44 children, first examined at less than 3 months of age, demonstrated neurological improvement by 4 months of age and continued to show improvement at 1 year of age. Early surgical reconstruction is recommended for infants with birth-related upper brachial plexus injury who show no neurological improvement by the age of 4 months.

Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants exposed to 5 C for a single night exhibited severe reductions in photosynthesis the following day. However, the response was manifest only if the roots as well as the shoots were cooled. Photosynthetic reductions were accompanied by a parallel drop in transpiration, a rise in stomatal and mesophyll resistance to CO2 uptake, and a decrease in leaf water potential. Activities of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase were unaffected. Starch retention within chloroplasts of cold‐treated leaves accompanied a drop in photosynthesis, but the presence of starch did not reduce photosynthesis. The data suggest that rather than feedback inhibition, the photosynthetic reduction of potted bean plants following an exposure to cold is due to stomatal resistance brought on by temporary water stress.

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