Vaccines often contain preservatives, adjuvants, additives, or manufacturing residuals in addition to pathogen-specific immunogens. Some parents, alerted by stories in the news media or information contained on the World Wide Web, are concerned that some of the substances contained in vaccines might harm their children. We reviewed data on thimerosal, aluminum, gelatin, human serum albumin, formaldehyde, antibiotics, egg proteins, and yeast proteins. Both gelatin and egg proteins are contained in vaccines in quantities sufficient to induce rare instances of severe, immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. However, quantities of mercury, aluminum, formaldehyde, human serum albumin, antibiotics, and yeast proteins in vaccines have not been found to be harmful in humans or experimental animals.

Two of every 5 children experienced phlebitis or infiltration during administration of PPN. These adverse effects were more often observed in those who received PPN with osmolarity >1000 mOsm/L vs ≤1000 mOsm/L. With this high incidence of adverse effects, we recommend that if PPN is used, the osmolarity should not exceed 1000 mOsm/L. More important, PPN should only be used temporarily until central access is obtained.

The objective of the study was to measure the osmolality of medications and special infant formulas commonly used in contemporary neonatal intensive care units. The osmolalities of 75 medications and 20 infant formulas were determined in triplicate by freezing point depression, and the means were reported. A majority of

Adequate peak serum concentrations of gentamicin in children may be obtained with a SDD of 7 mg/kg. Children younger than 5 years of age achieve lower peak serum gentamicin concentration after SDD of 7 mg/kg than those older than 5 years.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract