Despite the sectoral initiatives, the construction industry faces difficulties in incorporating effective environmental impact control systems in construction sites. Most of the instruments have been adopting a qualitative approach to environmental issues, with few cases of a quantitative approach. This article introduces a quantitative method for predicting environmental aspects and impacts during the construction of residential buildings, through the integration between environmental indicators and construction cost bases. The methodology was based on the analysis of the relationships among activities, aspects and environmental impacts considered in EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) for the development of the method and its mathematical representation. A case study was carried out to evaluate the method using the bill of quantities (BOQ) from two residential construction sites to measure their environmental aspects. The results suggest the usefulness of the method in the decision-making process on the allocation of control systems and, in some cases, recommending the execution of off-site services to reduce the impacts on the site's neighborhood. Additionally, the method proved to be easy to apply to evaluate construction sites, as well as flexible to incorporate other activities, adapting to the demand of builders and municipalities to reduce the environmental impacts of construction sites.
This article includes the proposal of a (re)layout project as a strategy to implement Cleaner Production (CP) practices, with a furniture manufacturing company in the Brazilian municipality of Palhoça (Santa Catarina, Brazil) as a case study. This work is characterized as applied research, using a multi-methodological approach, being subdivided into two different steps: literature review and case study. The (re)layout project led to an increase of the administrative area by 25.18%, having had a positive impact on the management areas, aiming towards the integration of Environmental Management, ecodesign, Production Planning and Control sectors. The project led to a decrease of the total stock area of raw materials/storage by 70.01 m2, representing a reduction of 25.59% when compared to the previous area. The project resulted in an increase of the plant production capacity, increasing the production area by 33.33%, thus optimizing areas and sectors, combining those which are inter-related. The byproducts also stood out in the layout mapping, with the areas allocated to byproducts being reduced by 51.69%. Therefore, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) were fulfilled. The removal of physical waste and production losses can be achieved from a (re)layout project integrated with CP by optimizing, areas, sectors, flows and processes.
The traditional decision-making process in construction is still driven by factors such as cost and time, not adequately addressing indicators to control their environmental impacts. So, how to improve environmental communication to incorporate sustainable building practices. The incorporation of environmental indicators may enlarge the scope of construction management tools. In the case of cost databases, widely used in the construction sector, this action can contribute to the communication and dissemination of environmental practices. This paper mapped 24 indicators from construction cost databases to assess their ability to communicate and disseminate environmental information. The research comprised: (a) a review of the use of cost bases in the environmental study, (b) identification of the most cited bases in 27 Brazilian civil engineering courses, and (c) analysis of the selected databases through of the assessment matrix, it crosses cost data versus environmental information. CYPE, TCPO, and ORSE presented performance medium, and higher results than SINAPI, BDCCM, and BCCA. The tools presented low control over environmental information, such as water and energy consumption, machine circulation and pollution generation. However, it has been observed that when adding environmental indicators, these tools can contribute significantly to disseminate good practices in its wide user base.
Dentre as paisagens naturais em regiões litorâneas, os mangues representam um tipo de ecossistema freqüentemente invadido pelas ações antrópicas dentro de áreas urbanas. As técnicas de SIG (Sistemas de Informações Geográficas) surgem como elementos importantes na detecção de problemas e análise da ocupação do solo urbano bem como das transformações da paisagem. Este artigo apresenta um exemplo de utilização de SIG em relação à ocupação de áreas verdes de mangue em Ilhéus-BA, visando estudar um bairro específico da cidade, onde a transformação da paisagem sofreu um forte impacto nas últimas décadas.
The search for solutions that might promote the environmental preservation is a great challenge to be faced because of the increasingly depletion of natural resources that are used by society. To use more sustainable building material can be a way of reducing environmental damages and the generation of waste. Builds using earth have characteristics of sustainability and they are recommended in places where there is, already, the tradition of the use of this technique, once this is an abundant and propitious resource for edification. The adobe brick can contribute for a sustainable development in the civil construction if made of raw clay and if used in a large scale basis. In this article, there are presented recommendations for building that uses adobe brick, based on the Norm NTE E.080:2000 – Adobe from Peru and based on the building techniques that are adopted by constructors that use this material in the State of Bahia – Brazil At first we analyze the constructive processes that have been adopted by constructors from Bahia comparing to what Peruvian Norm professes and what can be found in the bibliography about this subject. In the end recommendations are made for the building of adobe brick in order to guarantee the effective protection and conservation of the brickwork made with this material and that provides safety and durability of edifications.
RESUMO Em estruturas de wood frame, as ligações entre montantes e banzos tem como finalidade garantir a rigidez e o contraventamento necessários para essas construções, que são naturalmente flexíveis, quando submetidas aos esforços horizontais tais como vento e sismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento de ligações de madeira para produção de painel de wood frame produzidos com madeira de eucalipto jovem (menos que 15 anos de idade), tendo em vista que o plantio de espécies desse gênero é mais abundante no país. Os tipos de ligações escolhidas para este estudo foram do tipo chapa de dente estampado, parafuso autoatarraxante e encaixe de madeira. Para cumprir esse objetivo, foram utilizados corpos de prova de madeira de Eucalyptus pellita com idade variando entre 7 e 10 anos (classe C20). Foram utilizados os procedimentos experimentais previstos no projeto de revisão de norma da ABNT PN 02:126.10-001-4 (ABNT, 2017). Os resultados indicaram que a ligação do tipo encaixe é a mais apropriada para a ligação entre banzos e montantes de painéis de wood frame produzidos com madeira de eucalipto jovem, por ter melhor resistência e maior rigidez ao cisalhamento quando comparada com as ligações com parafuso autoatarraxante à 90° e chapa de dente estampado.
RESUMO A Madeira Lamelada Colada (MLC) é uma alternativa viável para o aproveitamento racional da madeira, possibilitando o uso de madeiras jovens. Ainda, ao engenheirar a madeira, pode-se viabilizar o uso de troncos de menor qualidade e menor diâmetro. Entretanto, o desempenho do produto depende da espécie utilizada, das espessuras e posições das lamelas, do tipo de adesivo, do desempenho da colagem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a viabilidade do uso de uma madeira de rápido crescimento para a produção de MLC. A espécie de madeira selecionada foi Eucalyptus urophylla, clonal COP 1404, que se caracteriza por ter rápido crescimento e por ter uma lacuna em estudos que visam sua aplicação na construção civil. Empregou-se o adesivo poliuretano bicomponente à base de óleo mamona. O programa experimental teve como foco a caracterização da madeira in natura e o desempenho mecânico da MLC comparada à madeira maciça, empregando métodos estatísticos para a análise de resistência dos protótipos. Os resultados indicaram que o adesivo foi eficiente na colagem da madeira, de modo que o cisalhamento ocorreu na madeira, além da verificação à flexão ter mostrado comportamento de um corpo único, não tendo pontos de descontinuidade por conta da linha de cola.
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