Naphthoquinones
exhibit important biological activities and are
present in walnut husk residues in significant amounts. However, their
potential as alternatives to synthetic nematicides has not been fully
explored. This work aimed to assess the effects of pure naphthoquinones
(juglone; 1,4-naphthoquinone; plumbagin) on the mortality of the root-knot
nematode Meloidogyne hispanica second-stage
juveniles (J2). Extracts from Juglans spp. walnut husks were characterized, and the effects of J. nigra extracts on attraction and life cycle of M. hispanica were evaluated. 1,4-Naphthoquinone was
the most effective compound causing 42% J2 mortality at 50 ppm. The
extract from in natura J. nigra walnut
husks presented similar effects on J2 mortality to those observed
for pure 1,4-naphthoquinone. The extract from dried husks was repellent
and reduced nematode root penetration but did not affect reproduction.
Therefore, walnut residues can be valorized as renewable sources of
naphthoquinone-based products and potentially employed as bionematicides
against Meloidogyne spp.
Dexamethasone (DXMT) is a glucocorticoid that belongs
to an important
class of synthetic steroid hormones with potential to treat chronic
immune and inflammatory diseases. In this work, the solid solubility
of dexamethasone in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was measured using a static method. Experimental data were measured
at (308.2, 318.2, and 328.2) K in the pressure range from (15.1 to
35.7) MPa. The solubility in scCO2 was found to be low
and between (1.25·10–6 or 9.1·10–3) kg·m–3 (at 308.2 K and 15.1 MPa) and (2.81·10–6 or 22.0·10–3) kg·m–3 (at 328.2 K and 34.8 MPa) in terms of mole fraction
or mass of drug per volume of solvent, respectively. Experimental
data were correlated using semiempirical density based models (Méndez-Santiago–Teja,
Bartle, and Chrastil). Obtained average absolute relative deviation
[AARD (%)] values were lower than 13 %.
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