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Abstract. We investigate the time intermittency of turbulent transport associated with the birth-death of self-organized coherent structures in the atmospheric boundary layer. We apply a threshold analysis on the increments of turbulent fluctuations to extract sequences of rapid acceleration events, which is a marker of the transition between self-organized structures.The inter-event time distributions show a power-law decay ψ(τ ) ∼ 1/τ µ , with a strong dependence of the power-law index µ on the threshold.A recently developed method based on the application of event-driven walking rules to generate different diffusion processes is applied to the experimental event sequences. At variance with the power-law index µ estimated from the inter-event time distributions, the diffusion scaling H , defined by X 2 ∼ t 2H , is independent from the threshold. From the analysis of the diffusion scaling it can also be inferred the presence of different kind of events, i.e. genuinely transition events and spurious events, which all contribute to the diffusion process but over different time scales. The great advantage of event-driven diffusion lies in the ability of separating different regimes of the scaling H . In fact, the greatest H , corresponding to the most anomalous diffusion process, emerges in the long time range, whereas the smallest H can be seen in the short time range if the time resolution of the data is sufficiently accurate.The estimated diffusion scaling is also robust under the change of the definition of turbulent fluctuations and, under the assumption of statistically independent events, it corresponds to a self-similar point process with a well-defined power-law index µ D ∼ 2.1, where D denotes that µ D is derived from the diffusion scaling. We argue that this renewal point process can be associated to birth and death of coherent structures and to turbulent transport near the ground, where the contribution of turbulent coherent structures becomes dominant.

Abstract:An approach to intermittent systems based on renewal processes is reviewed. The Waiting Times (WTs) between events are the main variables of interest in intermittent systems. A crucial role is played by the class of critical events, characterized by Non-Poisson statistics and non-exponential WT distribution. A particular important case is given by WT distributions with power tail. Critical events play a crucial role in the behavior of a property known as Renewal Aging. Focusing on the role of critical events, the relation between superstatistics and non-homogeneous Poisson processes is discussed, and the role of Renewal Aging is illustrated by comparing a Non-Poisson model with a Poisson one, both of them modulated by a periodic forcing. It is shown that the analysis of Renewal Aging is sensitive to the presence of critical events and that this property can be exploited to detect Non-Poisson statistics in a time series. As a consequence, it is claimed that, apart from the characterization of superstatistical features such as the distribution of the intensive parameter or the separation of the time scales, the Renewal Aging property can give some effort to better determine the role of Non-Poisson critical events in intermittent systems.

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We present a modelling approach to investigate the impact of ship emissions in the port of Brindisi (IT) on local air quality. The focus is on the impact on pollutant concentrations due to the implementation of the MARPOL Annex VI and the associated NOx technical code 2008 (concerning NOx emissions) and the Directives 2005/33/EU-2012/33/EU (concerning the sulphur content of maritime fuels). Emissions are estimated through an adapted MEET methodology using appropriate emission factors for manoeuvring and hotelling phases. Numerical simulations of NOx, SO 2 and primary PM 10 are performed by means of the mesoscale model BOLCHEM coupled off-line with ADMS-Urban. The impact of present and future ship emissions on air quality in the port area is evaluated. After the implementation of the Directives Impact of ship emissions on local air quality 312005/33/EU-2012/33/EU for the year 2012 SO 2 showed a significant concentration reduction especially close to the port area, while primary PM 10 concentration reduction was minor, as well as that of NOx, as a consequence of the NOx technical code. No significant reductions were found for the year 2020.

In the paper "Scaling laws of diffusion and time intermittency generated by coherent structures in atmospheric turbulence" by P. Paradisi et al. (Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 113-126, 2012) the wrong Fig. 3 was inserted. The correct Fig. 3 is shown on the right-hand side, together with the original caption.