1 Gold(I)-thiolate drugs are compounds that speci®cally interact with thiol and/or selenol groups and are essentially utilized in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 2 Considering the importance of thiol groups in regulating mitochondrial membrane permeability, the eects of aurano®n (S-triethylphosphinegold(I)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-b-D-glucopyranoside), a second-generation gold drug, were studied on mitochondria isolated from rat liver. 3 Aurano®n, at submicromolar concentrations, was able to induce the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition observed as swelling and loss of membrane potential. Both events are completely inhibited by cyclosporin A, the speci®c inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition. Calcium ions and energization by succinate are required for the occurrence of permeability transition. 4 By interacting with the active site selenol group, aurano®n results as an extremely potent inhibitor of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase, both isolated and in its mitochondrial environment. 5 It is concluded that aurano®n, in the presence of calcium ions, is a highly ecient inducer of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, potentially referable to its inhibition of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase.

O objetivo desta revisão é trazer parte dos estudos sobre um assunto pouco explorado: a relação entre o exercício físico e os aspectos psicobiológicos. A importância da compreensão desses aspectos e como eles afetam a qualidade de vida do ser humano é o que estimula as pesquisas sobre esse assunto. A literatura destaca que a prática regular de exercício físico traz resultados positivos não somente ao sono e aos seus possíveis distúrbios, mas também aos aspectos psicológicos e aos transtornos de humor, como a ansiedade e a depressão, e aos aspectos cognitivos, como a memória e a aprendizagem. Contudo, há indivíduos que se envolvem na prática de exercícios físicos com tal intensidade e/ou freqüência ou, ainda, fazem uso de drogas ilícitas que podem trazer prejuízos à saúde, como, por exemplo, o dependente de exercício físico e o usuário de esteróides anabolizantes. O exercício físico provoca alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e psicológicas, portanto, pode ser considerado uma intervenção não-medicamentosa para o tratamento de distúrbios relacionados aos aspectos psicobiológicos.

No abstract

Aging causes several physiological alterations, including alterations in sleep. It is possible that difficulty sleeping can be exacerbated by increased inflammation in older individuals. Moderate exercise training may be a modality of non-pharmacological treatment for sleep disorders and inflammation. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on sleep in elderly people as well as their cytokine profiles. Additionally, we examined the effect of exercise training on quality of life parameters using a SF-36 questionnaire. Twenty-two male, sedentary, healthy, elderly volunteers performed moderate training for 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 24 week at a work rate equivalent to their ventilatory aerobic threshold. The environment was kept at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C, with a humidity of 60 ± 5%. Blood and polysomnograph were collected twice: at baseline (1 week before training began) and after 6 months of training. Training increased aerobic capacity parameters (p<0.0001), decreased REM latency (p<0.02), and decreased time awake (p<0.05). After training, the levels of IL-6 (p<0.0001) and TNF-α (p<0.0001) and the ratio of TNF-α/IL-10 (p<0.0001) were decreased, whereas IL-10 levels were increased after training (p<0.001). Furthermore, exercise training was shown to improve quality of life parameters. Our results suggest that 6 months of training can improve sleep in the elderly and is related to the anti-inflammatory effect of moderate training, which modifies cytokine profiles.