The objective of this paper is to study the efficacy of the extraction and isolation of natural toxic constituents present in some well known tree borne oil seeds for effective utilization in pesticide formulations. Neem seed kernels prior to their extraction for oil were pre-treated in single stage with different solvents, viz., isopropanol, acetone and ethanol, in pure as well as in aqueous forms. The aqueous ethanol (water: ethanol 15: 85 v/v) was also employed for three stage counter-current pre-treatment of neem seed kernels, which gave the best results. Further, development of safer pesticides from natural products has been necessitated due to the fact that synthetic organochlorine and organo phosphorus pesticides have created health hazards to mammals and have polluted the ecosystem.
Determination of functional and mechanical properties of metal owning to corrosion caused by moisture, chemicals, temperature and several environmental factors propels the demand for corrosion prevention and acid proof lining in numerous end-use industries. Corrosion preventive coatings are devised to protect structures from degradation caused due to exposure in extreme corrosive environment. By acting as a barrier between the materials and the corrosive environment, corrosion prevention coating or linings function as agents that enhance the life of structures by preventing their wear and tear.
Technological artifacts are products of a society's economy, a force for economic growth, and a large part of everyday life. Technological innovations affect, and are affected by, a society's cultural traditions. The invention of tools and techniques is evidence of a society's ability to solve problems that were encountered in everyday life. Many sociologists and anthropologists have created social theories dealing with social and cultural evolution. Some declare technological progress to be the primary factor driving the development of human civilization. In other words, societies advance when their technologies advance. There were three main time periods or ages when tools were the main technological development: The Stone Age, The Bronze Age and the Iron Age. It was the growth of the ancient civilizations which produced the greatest advances in technology and engineering, advances which stimulated other societies to adopt new ways of living and governance. From ancient civilizations until now, there have been many inventions, discoveries, and development of technologies. Many different cultures have had significant impacts upon technological advances. Polymers are said to be the most versatile materials on earth. Almost all of the products we use in our daily lives contain polymers.
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