We demonstrate the fabrication of diodes having inkjet printed light emitting quantum dots layer. Close packing of printed layer is shown to be influenced by surface morphology of the underlying polymer layer and size variance of quantum dots used. We extend our approach to printing quantum dots onto a quarter video graphics array substrate (76 800 monochrome pixels). The purity of emitted electroluminescent spectra of resulting devices is related to coverage integrity of printed layer, which in turn is shown to be affected by the number of printed drops per pixel.

Protecting human skin against harmful UV-B radiation coming from the sun is currently a problem. Due to the decreased thickness of the ozone layer, a more dangerous amount of UV-B light reaches the surface of our planet. This causes increased frequency of skin diseases. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) fine particles are embedded with sunscreens into the skin to effectively attenuate UV-B radiation. This study evaluates the most appropriate size of such particles assuming they are spheres. The distribution of TiO2 particles within the skin, achieved with topically applied sunscreens, is determined experimentally by the tape-stripping technique. Computer code implementing the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate photon migration within the plain 20 µm thick horny layer matrix partially filled with nano-sized TiO2 particles. Dependences of harmful UV-B radiation of 307–311 nm absorbed by, backscattered from and transmitted through the horny layer on the concentration of TiO2 particles are obtained and analysed. As a result, particles of 62 nm are found to be the most effective in protecting skin against UV-B light.

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This paper presents optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal intensity variation based segmentation algorithms for retinal layer identification. Its main ambition is to reduce the calculation time required by layer identification algorithms. Two algorithms, one for the identification of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the other for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) identification are implemented to evaluate structural features of the retina. Using a 830 nm spectral domain OCT device, this paper demonstrates a segmentation method for the study of healthy and diseased eyes.

Monte Carlo method is applied for simulation of 2D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of skin-like model. Layer boundaries in skin model feature curved shape which agrees with physiological structure of human skin. The effect of coherence properties of probing radiation on OCT image formation and speckles in the detected OCT signal is considered. The developed model is employed for image simulation both for conventional and polarization dependent time-domain OCT modalities. Simulation of polarized OCT signal is performed using vector approach developed previously for modeling of electromagnetic field transfer in turbid media.

We demonstrate the use of a double-beam optical tweezers system to stabilize red blood cell (RBC) orientation in the optical tweezers during measurements of elastic light scattering from the trapped cells in an angle range of 5-30 degrees. Another laser (He-Ne) was used to illuminate the cell and elastic light scattering distribution from the single cell was measured with a goniometer and a photomultiplier tube. Moreover, CCD camera images of RBCs with and without laser illumination are presented as complementary information. Light scattering from a RBC was measured in different fixed orientations. Light scattering from cells was also measured when the length of the cell was changed in two different orientations. Light scattering measurements from spherical and crenate RBCs are described and the results are compared with other cell orientations. Analysis shows that the measured elastic light scattering distributions reveal changes in the RBC’s orientation and shape. The effect of stretching on the changes in scattering is larger in the case of face-on incidence of He-Ne laser light than in rim-on incidence. The scattering patterns from RBCs in different orientations as well as from a spherical RBC were compared with numerical results found in literature. Good correlation was found.

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