Background: Our study was to evaluate the role of computed tomographic scan in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. Methods: patients with CVA were subjected to computed tomography scan of the head using GE Revolution ACTs 16 slice MDCT scanners, Slice Thickness -2mm, 5mm and 10mm and Matrix size of 512 X 512. Results: Data was analyzed by using MS-Office software. Conclusions: CT scanning was the "Gold standard" technique for diagnosis of acute stroke as the rational management of stroke depends on "Accurate diagnosis" and it should be ideally done in all cases.

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Objectives: This study was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence and various types of neuroectodermal anomalies of foetuses in antenatal mothers. Methods: All pregnant women with intrauterine pregnancy of gestational age ranging from 12 weeks to Post-term cases were included for this study. We were studied on 21450 ultrasound scan of antenatal mothers, who were come for routine check up. Among them 50 foetuses anomalies were found.  Results: Data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-office software. All data was tabulated, and percentage was calculated.   Conclusions: Neuroectodrmal anomalies of foetuses were commonly seen in maternal age group of 30-40 years and prevalence was 0.23%. Anencephaly and hydrocephalus associated with spina bifida were seen in most of the CNS anomalies foetuses. Spina bifida in the lower lumbar region associated with a meningocoele or myelomeningocoele was the most common. Hence, ultrasound is an effective investigative modality for in utero screening of congenital anomalies. Ultrasound imaging in antenatal period practically gives an anatomical record of the developing foetus.  So that early detection of anomalies especially in first and early second trimester helps in planning termination, interventions and further management of neuroectodermal anomalies foetus. Keywords: Antenatal mothers, Ultrasound scan, Neuroectodermal anomalies

Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment of female infertility.  The present study was to compare the evaluation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) versus laparoscopy in determination of tubal factors in female infertility. Methods: Detailed assessment, physical examination and clinical investigations were performed in all 100 infertile female with age 20 years to 40 years. All patients were advised to perform digital HSG. Patients with an abnormal HSG underwent laparoscopy without delay, whereas in patients with a normal HSG, laparoscopy was performed three months after HSG. HSG is best scheduled during the 2nd -5th day interval immediately following the end of menstruation, to minimize risk for infection, avoid interference from intrauterine blood and clot, and to prevent any possibility that the procedure might be performed after conception. Results: Data was analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23 software.  All data was tabulated and percentages were calculated. Mean ± standard deviation was observed. Conclusions: Diagnostic laparoscopy is the gold standard in diagnosing tubal pathology and other intra-abdominal causes of infertility. Other hand, Hysterosalpingography is a frequently utilized diagnostic tool in the assessment of tubal status and detection of uterine anatomical defects in infertility. Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are not alternatives but complimentary investigations. But, inadequacy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in determining the state of tubal patency, emphasizes the need for laparoscopy. Laparoscopy provides both a panoramic view of the pelvic reproductive anatomy and a magnified view of pelvic organs and peritoneal surfaces. Keywords: Female infertility, Tubal patency, HSG, Laparoscopy

Normal development of the fetal kidneys and adrenal glands is essential for a good crucial neonatal outcome. There is, however, paucity of data on normal fetal adrenal gland and renal length in populations of North India and this poses a not infrequent dilemma when an anomaly is suspected during the anomaly scan. The objective of this study was to obtain gestation wise data of fetal renal length and adrenal length for 18, 19, 20 and 21 weeks of gestation and construct a gestation age wise size chart. This was a cross sectional study of 128 consecutive normal pregnancies after exclusion of multiple gestations, maternal complications, congenital anomalies and a family history of congenial adrenal hyperplasia. Gestational age of the fetus was calculated from fetal biometry. Measurements were made in the sagittal plane as length including renal and adrenal, longest pole to pole length of kidney and adrenal gland length calculated as the difference between the values. The values were analysed to yield the 95% confidence interval along with the 50th centile for gestational age groups of 18–21 weeks.

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the clinical profile and Transvaginal Doppler Sonography findings of endomterium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: Detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all cases of PMB. BMI was calculated. Transvaginal sonography of the uterus and Doppler analysis of the blood flow were performed using vaginal probe at 5-7.5 megahertz. Endometrial thicknesses as well as other pathologies in the cavity were noted. Resistive index was calculated. Results: Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software. One sample statistical methods was used. Mean ± standard deviation was observed. P-value was taken equal to less than 0.05 for significant differences. Conclusions: Highest prevalence of PMB was seen in women with age greater than 50 years. Most of the cases had BMI 20-25 kg/m2. Most of the benign and malignant cases had parity status P3-P4 and P1-P2 respectively. Endometrial thickness of malignant PMB cases was significantly greater than benign PMB cases. Resistive index of malignant PMB women was significantly lower than benign PMB women. Hence, promotion of healthy lifestyles and contraceptives in early reproductive life and awareness for the need of early screening should be recommended to reduce the prevalence of PMB. And early diagnosis and management of post menopausal bleeding are needed for prevention from malignancy. Key words: Postmenopausal Bleeding, Benign, Malignancy, Transvaginal Doppler Sonography.