The broadband E-shaped microstrip antenna is realized by cutting pair of rectangular slots on one of the radiating edges of rectangular microstrip antenna. While designing an Eshaped antenna at given frequency, the slot length is taken to be nearly quarter wave in length. However this simpler approximation does not give closer results. In this paper, first a comparison of slot frequency calculated by using quarter wavelength approximation against simulated data for an optimized E-shaped antenna, is presented, which shows larger error. Further a detailed analysis to study the effects of slot on broadband response in E-shaped microstrip antenna is proposed. It is observed that slots do not introduce any additional mode but reduces the resonance frequency of higher order orthogonal TM 02 mode of the patch and along with fundamental TM 10 mode yields broadband response. The slot also modifies the surface current distribution at TM 02 mode thereby yielding broadside radiation pattern over complete bandwidth without any variations in the directions of principle planes. Further an analysis of rectangular slot cut rectangular patch is also presented. The rectangular slot reduces orthogonal TM 01 mode frequency of the patch and along with its TM 10 mode, yields broadband response. The proposed analysis gives an insight into the functioning of widely used E-shaped antenna, and it will help in designing them in given frequency band.
The analysis of dual band double U-slot cut rectangular microstrip antenna is presented. The reported double U-slot cut rectangular microstrip antenna yields dual and wide band operation in 2100 and 5400 MHz frequency bands. To analyze the dual band response at above frequencies, the resonance curve plots and surface current distributions for equivalent rectangular patch and single U-slot and further double U-slot cut rectangular microstrip antennas were studied. The first Uslot primarily optimizes the position of TM 01 and TM 20 modes of the patch to realize dual and wide frequency response in 2100 MHz frequency range. Further the second U-slot optimizes the position and impedance at higher order modified modes like TM 22 , TM 31 and TM 02 modes to yields dual frequency response in 5400 MHz frequency band. Since the higher order modes are involved in dual band response, the cross polar levels in higher frequency band are higher as compared to first frequency band. The present study gives an insight into the functioning of U-slot cut patches at their lower as well as higher order frequency bands.
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