Background
Soil microbial communities affect above-ground plant diversity and community composition by influencing plant growth performance. Several studies have tested the effect of soil bacterial microbiome on growth performance of native and invasive plants, but the influence of specific bacterial isolates has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of soil bacterial exclusion by soil sterilization and by inoculation of Streptomyces rhizobacterial isolates on the growth performance of native and invasive Prosopis congeners.
Results
Plant growth performance of invasive P. juliflora was significantly reduced when grown in sterilized soils, whereas native P. cineraria showed enhanced growth performance in the sterilized soils. When grown in the soil inoculated with the specific Streptomyces isolate from P. juliflora (PJ1), the growth performance of invasive P. juliflora was significantly enhanced while that of native P. cineraria seedlings was significantly reduced. However, inoculation of P. cineraria and P. juliflora seedlings with Streptomyces isolate from the rhizosphere of native P. cineraria (PC1) had no significant effect on the growth performances either of P. juliflora or P. cineraria.
Conclusion
Our study reveals that invasive P. juliflora experiences positive feedback from the non-native soil bacterial community, while the native P. cineraria experiences negative feedback from its soil bacterial community. Our results provide fresh experimental evidence for the enemy release hypothesis, and further our understanding of the contrasting growth-promoting effects of differentially recruited microbial species belonging to the same genus (Streptomyces) in the rhizospheres of alien invasive and native plants.
Prostate cancer has become a global health concern as it is one of the leading causes of
mortality in males. With the emerging drug resistance to conventional therapies, it is imperative to
unravel new molecular targets for disease prevention. Cytochrome P450 (P450s or CYPs) represents
a unique class of mixed-function oxidases which catalyses a wide array of biosynthetic and metabolic
functions including steroidogenesis and cholesterol metabolism. Several studies have reported the
overexpression of the genes encoding CYPs in prostate cancer cells and how they can be used as molecular
targets for drug discovery. But due to functional redundancy and overlapping expression of
CYPs in several other metabolic pathways there are several impediments in the clinical efficacy of
the novel drugs reported till now. Here we review the most crucial P450 enzymes which are involved
in prostate cancer and how they can be used as molecular targets for drug discovery along with the
clinical limitations of the currently existing CYP inhibitors.
We investigate two dimensional (2d) quantum field theories which exhibit Non-Lorentzian Kač-Moody (NLKM) algebras as their underlying symmetry. Our investigations encompass both 2d Galilean (speed of light c → ∞) and Carrollian (c → 0) CFTs with additional number of infinite non-Abelian currents, stemming from an isomorphism between the two algebras. We alternate between an intrinsic and a limiting analysis. Our NLKM algebra is constructed first through a contraction and then derived from an intrinsically Carrollian perspective. We then go on to use the symmetries to derive a Non-Lorentzian (NL) Sugawara construction and ultimately write down the NL equivalent of the Knizhnik Zamolodchikov equations. All of these are also derived from contractions, thus providing a robust cross-check of our analyses.
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