Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease, affecting more than 8.5 % adults population in the world. Among various issues caused by diabetes, wound healing is a major cause of concern. Objective: Injuries are most common, can be caused normally like abrasion, laceration (cuts), injury, etc. But in diabetes, they do not heal so easily and cause problems. It can be due to compromised immune system, neuropathy, poor circulation, infections etc., which could lead to amputation or even death. Current therapies, for the treatment of wound healing in diabetic patients, have side effects of their own as there is no particular drug for the healing of wounds Methods: Numerous survey in Literature was carried out to reveal the obstacles in diabetic wound healing and current approaches to its management with emphasis on alternative therapies. Relevant peer-reviewed research publications were searched through various online bibliographic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate (all English-language articles). Results: Repurposed drugs include a class of statin, phenytoin, estrogen, DPP4 inhibitors. Plants with wound healing activity include Rosmarinus officinalis, Radix Rehmannia, Carica papaya, Aloe vera, Catharanthus roseus, Punica granatum, etc. have been explored in Pre-clinical studies. Besides these studies, a lot of other studies including clinical trials have been performed for wound healing in diabetes by using different procedures like Honey-dressing, Royal Jelly, Extracorporeal Shock wave therapy, Manuka honey-impregnated dressing, LeucoPatch system, etc. Conclusion: In this review, an approach was made to study wound healing in diabetes and various options that could be best suited for the treatment of wounds in Diabetes.
Iris kashmiriana belonging to the family Iridaceae, is found commonly in graveyards in the Kashmir region of India, as well as in some areas of Pakistan. This plant is used as a traditional medicinal plant by different local communities. Ethnopharmacological studies have revealed the presence of isoflavones like isonigricin (1) which is a new isoflavone and isoirisolidone (2) and Irisolidone (3) which were isolated first time from a natural source. This emphasis of this review is to focus on traditional uses, pharmacological uses, as well as phytoconstituents present in this species. But as this species is critically endangered also. By exploring more about this species, it might help in getting this species in the least concern or prevent it from being extinct. Scientific investigation has found that this plant has a lot of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antitumor, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, antiseptic, antioxidant, and also used in cold, flu, malaria, joint pain, anti-inflammation, toothache, etc. This plant contains several constituents, including isoflavones, with pharmacological activities some of them are still not been fully explored yet. In this review, an approach was made to study ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological investigations, of Iris kashmiriana, which can be explored more, so that people could know more about this plant, and start growing this medicinal plant.
Background: Culinary spices and Indian kitchens share a historical relationship for centuries. An average Indian kitchen contains a lot of spices like fennel, cardamom, cumin, turmeric, clove, black pepper, etc., used to increase the aroma and taste of food. Scientific research suggested the pharmacological activities of these kitchen spices, as most of them enhance the appetite, digestion, and have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and some spices are potent anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity. Some Culinary spices are unexplored scientifically. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the presently explored spices and some unexplored spices which might be used in certain part of the world to enhance the flavor and could have medicinal benefits, studying their pharmacological actions in controlling or managing diseases. Methods: Numerous surveys in literature were done in response to determine the culinary spices used commonly in Indian kitchens and also some rare spices which might be used in certain particular part of the world for their pharmacological, and traditional uses, their chemical constituents having pharmacological activities. Relevant peer-reviewed publications were searched through various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ReseaechGate, etc. Results: A total of 11 common culinary spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, etc., are studied regarding their common kitchen role, traditional uses, and their explored pharmacological activities and 11 other spices like alpinia galanga, Prunus mahaleb, Grain of Paradise, etc., which are used in some parts of the world having medicinal properties are also studied. The chemical constituents of these plants are also studied which could be responsible for their medicinal activity. Conclusion: In this review, an approach was made to study the common culinary spices, and other culinary spices which might not be most common, having medicinal properties, so that better treatment options could be available for future for future generations.
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