In gerontology, the issue of pets as a "negative effect killer during retirement" has long been believed to be an activity that can improve living welfare. This study used 77 male retired employees. This study aims to determine the effect of pet ownership on stress levels, differences in stress levels between groups that have animals and do not have animals and know the characteristics of the group of pet owners related to stress levels. The research data will be analyzed using simple regression, Mann Whitney test and Chi square. The research instruments used were the Perceived Stress Scale from Cohen (1988) and the questionnaire. Obtained overall results of respondents at moderate stress levels. The research findings are that pet ownership has an effect on stress levels of 37, 2%. It was also found that groups that had pets had lower stress levels than those who did not have pets. In addition, it was concluded that there was a correlation between the level of education and the level of stress that was not significant, the correlation between marital status and residence status with stress levels significantly. Keywords: :Pet, Retirement, Stress Levels
Research on human-animal interaction (HAI) is a brand-new thing in Indonesia. However, it is not widely known that human-animal interactions provides positive effect to child development. The study aims to increase literacy regarding human and animal interaction that also looks at the impacts to child development. This study uses an approach of narrative review that examines and analyzes the selected eight papers. This article investigated some of the following aspects of child development in the social-emotional, cognitive and moral development associate with the interaction between children and companion animals. The analysis shows that aspects of social-emotional development assist children, improving their ability to express emotions and conduct emotional regulation. For cognitive development, helps children while interacting with animals and eases children increasing their biological knowledge about animals and children might learn the cognitive empathy related to Theory of Mind. For moral development, it helps children to act pro-social and empathy
Dog walking provides double-positive impacts to the owner and its dog both psychologically and physically. Dog walking with the aim of recreational activity can accommodate the dog owners and their pets with the good involvement that can perform as therapeutic to reduce stress. The research is qualitative within the perspective of phenomenology. The research question is how the pet owners understand dog walking as a recreational activity? This research aims to provide the reference on the Human-Animal Interaction implementation with the scope of psychology. Dog walking becomes a fun activity for the owner and performs proper stress relief. Dog walking for the pet owners is a sense to interact and communicate with their pets.
Animal Cruelty regularly happened during childhood that indicates beyond cruelty to humans. Cruelty to animals distinguishes some steps: curiosity, exploration, imitates or even the aggressive act refers to animal cruelty. The ignorance toward these aggressive acts led to Conduct Disorder or even Antisocial Personality Disorder. Animal Cruelty reached an agreement as to the unethical act with intentional tortures, unintentionally suffering causes death. Cruelty is done on purpose and with intentional time. This research aims as a reference for animal cruelty in childhood by proposing some research summary in (1) Animal Cruelty framework, (2) Animal Cruelty relation among child abuse and domestic violence; (3) Developmental Psychology reference: Children aggressive acts toward animal; (4) animal cruelty and psychology disorder and (5) clinical pathway childhood cruelty to animals. The research conducts a literature review by describing a theory, discussion, and results from textbooks, articles, and journals. The researcher analyzed, compared the results taken from some literature, identifies the pros and cons, and proposing findings and discussions. In conclusion, animal cruelty defines as a crucial marker for mental health that relates to Conduct Disorder to Antisocial Personality Disorder. The role of adults is vital in minimizing children's acts for committing animal cruelty by nurturing empathy. Adults with its role particularly required during the early stages of a child's development when adults' affirmation related to behavioral aspects of morality is necessary for children. Furthermore, character education for children consider as broad topics that not only about the animals, but the most important thing is for animals when children would learn justice, and ethics to treat animals generously. Keywords: Animal Cruelty, Childhood, Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder
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