An organophotoredox-catalyzed
decarboxylative cross-coupling between
azole nucleophiles and aliphatic carboxylic acid-derived redox-active
esters is demonstrated. This protocol efficiently installs various
tertiary or secondary alkyl fragments onto the nitrogen atom of azole
nucleophiles under mild and transition-metal-free conditions. The
pyridinium additive successfully inhibits the formation of elimination
byproducts from the carbocation intermediate. This reaction is applicable
to the synthesis of a protein-degrader-like molecule containing an
azole and a thalidomide.
This study tested whether problematic alcohol use correlates with different values clusters in the Schwartz Values Survey. Participants were 156 midwestern university students (M=21.6 yr., 63% women). We used two alcohol-use assessment methods, one involving behavior checklist reports with a questionnaire, the other a two-week daily log procedure. Although exploratory in nature, we took as most important those relationships between alcohol use and values which replicated across both measures. Those who drank frequently and problematically were most likely to endorse a hedonistic and stimulation-seeking values system.
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