This study aimed to determine the production risk level of shallot farming in Batu City, farmer behaviour toward the risk,, and factors which influence the level of risk. The production risk level of shallot farming was identified through the coefficient of variation (CV)'s extent; and farmer behaviour was identified through K(S) coefficient, meanwhile, to look for factors which influenced the level of production risk was by using a method developed by Just and Pope. Its first procedure made the function of Cobb-Douglas production, then the level of risk was determined and the model was analyzed by linear regression multiple. The research location was purposively determined in Torongrejo Village, Junrejo Subdistrict, Batu City, while the sample determination method used a simple random sampling method by considering that the area cultivated by farmers was almost the same. Based on the analysis results it was found that the risk level of shallot farming in Batu City was included in the high category. Meanwile farmer behaviour in reseach area was Risk Averter. Factors influencing the risk level of shallot farming in Batu City are the number of workers, the use of NPK fertilizer and the use of pesticides.
This research is conducted in considering that large number of misshapen horticultural commodities that are not considered by consumers due to the shape and/or other characteristics inherent in horticultural products in vegetable and fruit commodities, such as suboptimal physical conditions, different sizes, and unattractive colors that affect consumer preferences in buying them, although the nutritional content is not different from physically perfect products. The purpose of this study are to 1) analyze consumer preferences for suboptimal agricultural products, 2) analyze consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for suboptimal products. Further, conditional logit analysis is used to analyze consumer preferences using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach, while Marginal Willingness to Pay or MWTP method is used to analyze consumer willingness. The result, the consumer preference on papaya commodities was based on optimal performance, no message framing, available in traditional markets and the amount of purchase exceeded one kilogram. Tha for cucumber, consumers preferred to buy it by considering optimal performance, without message framing, and available in traditional markets. The WTP value on papaya and cucumber indicates that the average WTP value for suboptimal products was lower than the optimal products. The WTP value for the optimal papaya was higher than the suboptimal papaya. For cucumber, the WTP value for the optimal cucumber was higher than the suboptimal product. We suggest producers should set the price cheaper for suboptimal products to compete in the market and reduce the amount of waste.
Cayenne pepper is one of the main food ingredients that is always needed by the people of Indonesia.This makes the compilation of chili prices at the consumer level going up to eliminate losses for farmers, because prices agreed to by consumers are not comparable to the profits obtained by farmers. The price gap that occurs makes farmers not increase. The purpose of this research are to analyze the market integration and analyze the cayenne reference market. The data used are time series price data during 2014 -2018. The method of data analysis uses the Error Correction Model (ECM) test and the Engle-Granger Causality test. The application used for data analysis is Eviews 10. The results showed long-term and short-term differences among the price of cayenne. There is one-way relationship while producer prices increase the prices of retailers, so the cayenne reference market is famers.
Excess supply on agricultural products tends to occur when the market does not fully utilize their products. In that condition, technology plays an essential role in helping farmers promote and sell their products (e-marketing). In the other hand, applying e-marketing requires specific knowledge and skill by the farmers as the users. Higher knowledge and skill about IT mean a higher chance for farmers to apply e-marketing for their business. This research aimed to identify the level of farmers’ knowledge and skill on using IT and to analyze its impact on the level their income, revenue, and selling price. Location of research was chosen purposively at Malang Regency and Batu City as production areas of horticultural products in Province of East Java. The samples were categorized into two; those were farmers who use e-commerce and those who do not (conventional farmers). The data was analyzed and tested used independent t-test to compare those categories. The results indicated that the level of income, revenue, and selling price were different significantly between those categories of the farmer, in which farmers who used e-commerce received higher income, higher revenue, and higher selling price than the conventional ones.
Indonesia is facing serious problem of unemployment in rural areas while in agricultural sector, there is lack of labour availability. This research discusses issue between livelihood choices and their determinant factors of rural youth in East Java, Indonesia. The 200 survey data was analysed by multinomial logit for measuring response probabilities of alternative livelihoods which consist of agricultural jobs, nonagricultural employment, non-farm entrepreneur, and urban employment. The outcome of the research is that education of youth has consistently positive and significant correlation with livelihood option which is outside of agricultural sector. The more academic achievements that respondents get, the more reasonable their expectation of success in outside farming relative to agriculture. On the other hand, the larger land holding that their parents have, the lower possibility in choosing a livelihood outside of agriculture over farming. Therefore, it implies that better land access will encourages youth to approach agricultural works.
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