Propolis merupakan senyawa resin berasal dari berbagai tanaman yang dihasilkan oleh lebah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji senyawa kadar senyawa yang terkandung dalam Propolis Coklat dari lebah Trigona sp. Pelarut yang digunakan dalam membuat ekstrak propolis adalah alkohol 70%. Ekstrak Etanol Propolis (EEP) dimaserasi dan dihomogenkan menggunakan shaker selama 1 minggu. Propolis yang telah maserasi kemudian disaring dengan kertas saring dan diuapkan menggunakan rotavapour untuk menghilangkan pelarut. Ekstrak propolis kemudian di uji kadar senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya dengan menggunakan Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Sedangkan uji kadar antioksidan menggunakan uji 2,2-dyphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) yang menunjukkan bahwa propolis mampu menghambat radikal bebas. Kata kunci: Propolis, GC-MS, DPPH, Ekstrak, Trigona sp

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(SPSS 17.0). In a conclusion, the process of making gel of co-crystal ibuprofen-nicotinamide did not influenced ibuprofen release in gel preparation. ABSTRAK:Ibuprofen (2-(4-isobutilfenil) propionat) adalah turunan asam propionat dan diklasifikasikan dalam kelas II dari biopharmaceutic classification systems (BCS) yang memiliki kelarutan rendah permeabilitas tinggi. Salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan kelarutan adalah co-kristalisasi. Ibuprofen dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi topikal untuk rheumatoid arthrisi, sehingga telah dilakukan sebuah studi tentang formulasi dan pelepasan kokristal ibuprofen-nikotinamida dari gel karbomer 940. Kokristal diperoleh dari metode penguapan pelarut dengan komposisi equimol (1:1). Gel terdiri dari dua formula dengan jumlah ibuprofen yang sama (5%). Formula pertama adalah gel kokristal ibuprofen-nicotinamida dan Formula dua adalah gel ibuprofen murni. Basis digunakan adalah carbormer 940. Uji pelepasan dilakukan dengan menggunakan sel difusi Franz jenis horizontal dan diukur menggunakan HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) dengan fase gerak metanol:aquabidest (80:20) pH 3,5 dengan asam ortofosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedua formula tidak stabil dalam aspek homogenitas selama beberapa hari penyimpanan. Pemisahan terjadi pada suhu rendah dan tinggi. Hasil profil pelepasan pada menit ke-120 adalah 4,4793% dan 4,4293% dan efisiensi pelepasan 3,8891 dan 3,8612. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi pelepasan kedua formula tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05) dengan menggunakan One-Way ANOVA (SPSS 17.0). Pembentukan kokristal ibuprofen-nicotinamida ternyata tidak mempengaruhi pelepasan ibuprofen dari sediaan gel walaupun dapat meningkatkan kelarutan ibuprofen.

Natrium diklofenak (Na-diklofenak) adalah obat anti inflamasi non steroid yang umumnya digunakan untuk penderita radang sendi. Namun, waktu paruh yang pendek sekitar 1-2 jam menyebabkan obat diberikan berulang kali dalam interval waktu yang pendek untuk pemberian secara oral. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu memformulasi Na-diklofenak tablet sustained release menggunakan metolose 90 SH 4000 sebagai matriks. Untuk melihat pengaruh metolose 90 SH 4000 terhadap profil disolusi Na-diklofenak tablet sustained release, metolose 90 SH 4000 ditambahkan dengan perbandingan 0% (F0), 5% (F1), 10% (F2), 15% (F3), 25% (F4). Tablet Na-diklofenak dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah. Hasil disolusi menunjukkan formula F0, F1, F2 dan F3 dapat dicapai dalam waktu 120, 240, 300 dan 480 menit, berturut-turut, namun F4 tidak mencapai disolusi selama 480 menit. Bedasarkan USP 26, hanya F3 yang memenuhi syarat disolusi tablet sustained release.

The skin damage induced by UV irradiation can cause photoaging as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Propolis is one of the most abundant natural product sources of polyphenols and derived from various plant resins collected by honeybees. This study aimed to determine the due administration of the propolis nanoemulsion (NEP) as an antiphotoaging by observing the concentration of intracellular ROS and lipid peroxides in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) by exposure to UVB. The cytotoxic of NEP was tested by the MTT assay, intracellular ROS was measured using the DCFDA assay, lipid peroxide products were analyzed by the TBARS assay and cell nuclei was observed by DAPI staining. PSA analysis revealed that the sizes of NEP were about 131.9 to 131 nm. The optimum concentration of NEP was 0,1μg / ml. ROS production in HDF treatment of NEP significantly decreases (p <0.05). Lipid peroxide products showed the same pattern as ROS concentration. The lipid peroxide concentration in the treatment NEP significantly decreases (p<0.05). In conclusion, the propolis in NEP acts as an antioxidant and has the potential to reduce the production of ROS and lipid peroxides caused by exposure to UVB.

This study aims to determine the analysis of the role of parents in assisting student learning at SDN Cimanuk 3. This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The participants of this study were the parents of 2rd grade students of SDN Cimanuk 3 as many as 3 parents and guardians of students. This study uses data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the role of parents has a very important role in the process of assisting children's learning, such as providing correct direction to children, support, and providing solutions to children's problems during learning, besides the attention and affection of parents can make encouragement in learning. motivate children's learning. If the child is able to feel the attention and affection of his parents, then the child will feel more comfortable and will be obedient to his parents and will give good things in the learning process and improve children's learning achievement.

This article departs from the assumption that leadership in Islamic boarding schools applies an authoritarian-paternalistic and laissez-faire leadership model, making it less effective. This article used a descriptive analysis approach, this article analyzes the Abuya (leader) leadership model at the MTI Pasir Islamic Boarding School in managing conflict. This article finds that Abuya not applies authoritarian-paternalistic and laissez-faire leadership, but charismatic-democratic. When a conflict occurs, Abuya with his charisma brings together the conflicting parties and conducts deliberation and consensus. The conflict management carried out by Abuya was able to provide positive energy for the development and progress of the MTI Pasir Islamic Boarding School.

The problem in this study is related to the process of managing the curriculum and organizing the curriculum at Kapau Islamic Boarding School which has not been well planned, the level of supervision over curriculum management at Kapau Islamic Boarding School is still low. The purpose of this research is to look at curriculum management at Kapau Islamic Boarding School. This research is in the form of qualitative description. The research was conducted at the Islamic Boarding School Tarbiyah Ilamiyah Kapau Tilatang Kamang Kab. Agam. The techniques used to collect data in this study are observation, documentation, interviews. The results of the study show that Curriculum Management at Kapau Islamic Boarding School goes through a process or framework, which involves all institutional structures at Kapau Islamic Boarding School which are guided by the vision and mission of education, curriculum components, curriculum organization, curriculum implementation and control of curriculum implementation. Implementation of the curriculum at Kapau Islamic Boarding School uses two curriculum models, namely the madrasah curriculum which refers to the curriculum of the Ministry of Religion, and a special cottage curriculum for cottage lessons. The two curricula run separately in the education system at Kapau Islamic Boarding School. The madrasah curriculum is systematized, has documents and develops with reference to Islamic education curriculum standards from the Ministry of Religion, while the pondok (religious) curriculum refers to the teaching of kiyai/sheikh and does not have written curriculum documents using yellow books. So that the implementation and organization of the curriculum at Kapau Islamic Boarding School integrates one subject with another