Electroplating and paper industry activities contribute to pollution of chromium (Cr) in aquatic ecosystems. The presence of Cr can affect the activity of microalgae which play an important role as primary producers in the food chain of ocean ecosystem.Cr was tested on a species ofgreen microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. This microalgae are very abundant in the sea and can accumulate heavy metals, including Cr. Changes in nutrient content in cells of Tetraselmis sp. can affect the productivity of the next trophic level organisms. This research aims to determine effect of Cr to Chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and protein content in Tetraselmis sp. The methods of this study include several steps, cultivation with initial density of 40x10 4 cells ml -1 to log phase, then exposed by K 2 Cr 2 O 7 during 96 hours with concentrations 0; 3.2; 5.6, and 10 ppm. Cell density was calculated everyday using haemocytometer, observed with microscope and optilab. Chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and protein were measured by a spectrophotometer on days 0, 4, 6 and 8. Data analysis with ANOVA, the real difference is determined by Dunnet and Duncan Test.The results showed that increasing Cr concentration causes higher growth inhibition rate of Tetraselmis sp. IC 50 -96 hours was 2.63 ppm and NOEC value was <3.2 ppm. The content of Chlorophyll-a, showed decrease after Cr exposure for 96 hours. Carbohydrate content was increased after 72 hours, and then decreased after 96 hours exposure. Protein content increased significantly up to 96 hours.
Bogowonto Lagoon has the largest mangrove ecosystem in southern coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Several activities on mangrove restoration have been conducted to escalate this remnant mangrove forest area. Conversely, rapid increase of shrimp pond area become threat for mangrove ecosystem in Bogowonto lagoon since the early of 21 st century. Hence, This study is aimed to investigate mangrove composition, distribution and abundance, progress of mangrove restoration program and shrimp pond extensification in 2002 to 2014. Conducted from April 2015 to May 2015, this research consists of several steps namely survey, vegetation analysis, literature study, sociological study using questionnaire, measurement of mangrove and shrimp pond area using Landsat 8 imageries and Arc GIS 10.1. We determined 15 sites along Bogowonto Lagoon using random sampling by quadratic plot (10 m × 10 m for tree, 5 m × 5 m for sapling) and total counts (for seedling). The result showed that there were seven species of mangrove and six species of associate mangrove. Rhizopora mucronata Lamb. was dominant in each growthform with clumped distribution. R. mucronata and Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. also dominate from backswamp to rivermouth. Satellite imageries revealed that there was a hope due to upward trends of mangrove area in last 12 yr (approximately 5 ha). However, the significant increase sof shrimp pond area (approximately 34 ha) surrounding mangrove area become current and future threat. Based on sociological study, most of people around Bogowonto Lagoon have high awareness, but less participated on mangrove restoration program. Besides, the river mouth covered by sand become another obstacle of it.
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