Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is recognized as a potentially aggressive and commonly fatal fungal infection. The classic presentation is involvement of nasal mucosa with invasion of the paranasal sinuses and orbit. Mucormycosis is most commonly seen in association with diabetic ketoacidosis, but disease demographics have changed with the onset of AIDS and the advent of powerful immunosuppressive drugs. Treatment includes aggressive debridement, systemic antifungal therapy, and control of underlying comorbid factors. Although surgical intervention remains essential, advances in medical therapy have permitted a more limited surgical approach to minimize functional loss without compromising survival. We present the UCLA experience with rhinocerebral mucormycosis from 1955 to 1995, with emphasis on the evolution of disease presentation and alternative treatment options.

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Each circuit provided significant benefit in quiet and noisy listening situations. The CL and WDRC circuits appeared to provide superior benefits compared with the PC, although the differences between them were much less than the differences between the aided vs unaided conditions. JAMA. 2000;284:1806-1813.

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Temporal bone involvement in CSS is rare. Surgical intervention of the temporal bone is relegated to complications that may include infectious mastoiditis and intracranial involvement. Recognition of the association between CSS and otological disease is important because it is highly responsive to systemic steroids, and early steroid treatment may prevent progression to irreversible hearing loss, infectious otomastoiditis, or intracranial complications.