The use of this 'five plus five' therapy schedule as an initial treatment for H. pylori deserves further investigation.

Responses from 513 of 1,000 randomly selected undergraduate students who were sent an e-mail questionnaire, about cigarette smoking were analyzed. Thirteen percent of the respondents identified themselves as smokers. No statistically significant differences were observed between smokers and nonsmokers and year in college, sex, age, race, or having attended public or private high schools. Ninety-eight percent of the respondents considered themselves knowledgeable about adverse health consequences of smoking, yet 39.1% of current smokers seriously considered stopping smoking, and 11.5% of current nonsmokers intended to start smoking. The preferred quitting method of smokers and ex-smokers was stopping all at once ("cold turkey"). Fifty-two percent of the smokers did not want professional assistance to stop smoking; 40% of the nonsmokers wanted information on second-hand smoke.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in SummaryWe show in this paper how the characteristics of fire recurrency in forests can be theoretically derived from simple informations concerning forest morphology. The task is accomplished by means of a minimal model encapsulating a few assumptions on the interactions between overstorey and understorey species and on the mechanisms of fire development and transmission. The main difference with other models for fire prediction and simulation is that, here, fire is an endogenous variable with purely deterministic dynamics. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that fire recurrency can be chaotic for parameter values corresponding to mediterranean forests. By contrast, the model shows that boreal forests and savannas must experience periodic fires. These general results are in agreement with the studies carried out on many different forests in this century. Non technical summaryExtensive research on forest fires has shown that fires are only accidental in rain forests, while they are recurrent in other forests. But fire regimes of boreal forests, savannas and mediterranean forests are remarkably different. Indeed, the fire return time is typically 50-200 years in boreal forests, 1-2 years in moist savannas and 5-10 years in arid savannas, and 10-100 years in mediterranean forests. Moreover, the variability of the return time at a given site is not very pronounced in boreal forests and savannas while it is in mediterranean forests. By oversimplifying a bit the overall picture, one could say that fires are: absent in rain forests; periodic at low frequency in boreal forests; periodic at high frequency in savannas; chaotic in mediterranean forests.We show in this paper how these characteristics can be derived from a simple but general model based only on a few classical assumptions on the interactions between overstorey and understorey species and on the mechanisms of fire development and transmission. The model is purely deterministic and should not be confused or compared with numerous stochastic models for fire prediction. In the model the forest is idealized as two homogenous interacting layers. Each layer is composed of two compartments, the green and the red biomass, the second one identifying the burning biomass. The dynamic behavior of the model is studied through bifurcation analysis and the result is surprisingly neat. It shows that depending upon the value of some strategic parameters the forest can behave in four possible w...

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The Peatland Restoration Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRG-RI), an agency that is mandated to restore 2 million hectares of degraded peatland by 2020, has developed a 3-R approach towards tackling the problem based on the program of rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization of livelihood for the peatlands restoration in Indonesia. The Rewetting program that aims to rehabilitate hydrologically a peatland to a near natural state is carried out by canal blocking, canal backfilling, and construction of deep wells. To know the progress of the restoration activities by BRG, it is very important to understand the effectiveness of canal blocking on rewetting of the tropical peatland. The effectiveness of canal blocking was investigated through the monitoring of groundwater level (GWL) fluctuation around the canal block. This study was carried out at a canal block that is located at the peatland of Sungai Tohor Village, Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province. For monitoring of GWL fluctuation as the impact of canal blocking, five dipwells were set at the peatland that are perpendicular to the canal with the distance of 20 m, 70 m, 120 m, 170 m, and 220 m respectively. The results of this study show that the impact of canal blocking could raise the water table in the peatland at the radius of about 170 m from the canal. The radius impact of the re-wetting might be bigger or smaller, that strongly depends on the hydrotopography situation of the area.