The Pd/PMe 3 -catalyzed allylation of 1-(cyanomethyl)naphthalenes with allyl acetates proved to be para-rather than αregioselective. This reaction is thought to proceed through ligand attack of the para-carbon in the arenes, electronically enriched by a cyano-stabilized α-carbanion, to the (π-allyl)palladium and a 1,5-hydrogen shift of the parahydrogen from the dearomatized intermediate.
We report here three clinical cases as exemples of our rich and frequent collaboration between the department of psychiatry and the department of medecine, nephrology and hemodialysis. This work can serve as a basis for further reflection in order to improve mutual demands. We based our description on three patients chosen for their homogeneity in demand, rapidity of evaluation, the same clinician who evaluated the demand. Either case: a 42-year-old woman, who was admitted for alteration of general state, severe headaches and chronic addiction to alcohool, 71-year-old woman sufferring from recurrent unipolar depression who came for somatic exploration and severe weight loss or 55-year-old man who was transferred from cardio-pulmonary intensive care unit after a volontary ingestion of neuroleptic- were reevaluated by the psychiatrist and the special follow-up was indicated as the patient was discharded from internal medecine department. We were interested in studying how important to the patient this indication turned to be on time.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
We investigated the possibility of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) as one of common molecules associated with vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disruptions induced by environmental factors. PGE 2 levels in whole brain were significantly increased after exposure to viral infection [injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C)], hypoxia (exposure to CO 2), and neglect (separation from the dams) in postnatal day (PD) 2, compared to those after non-exposure. The mice administered polyI:C during PD 2-6 exhibited the impairment of sociality, object recognition memory, and prepulse inhibition (PPI) in adult at PD 70, and further, significant decreased spine density of the mPFC in adult mice. Exposure to CO 2 at PD 2 and separation from dams during PD 2-21 exhibited the impairment of PPI and decrease of spine density in adult mice. These behavioral impairments induced by administration of polyI:C were recovered by an inhibition of PGE 2-EP1 (PGE 2 receptor subtype) and of cyclooxygenase (COX). Our findings suggest that PGE 2 is one of potential common molecules associated with vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disruptions induced by environmental factors, and PGE 2 plays a crucial role in the development of behavioral and neuronal impairments, which are associated with activation of PGE 2-EP1.
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