Today's information world is a digital world. Data transmission over an unsecure channel is becoming a major issue of concern nowadays. And at the same time intruders are spreading over the internet and being very active. So to protect the secret data from theft some security measures need to be taken. In order to keep the data secret various techniques have been implemented to encrypt and decrypt the secret data. Cryptography and Steganography are the two most prominent techniques from them. But these two techniques alone can't do work as much efficiently as they do together. Steganography is a Greek word which is made up of two words Stegano and graphy. Stegano means hidden and graphy means writing i.e. Steganography means hidden writing. Steganography is a way to hide the fact that data communication is taking place. While cryptography converts the secret message in other than human readable form but this technique is having a limitation that the encrypted message is visible to everyone. In this way over the internet, intruders may try to apply heat and trial method to get the secret message. Steganography overcome the limitation of cryptography by hiding the fact that some transmission is taking place. In steganography the secret message is hidden in other than original media such as Text, Image, video and audio form. These two techniques are different and having their own significance. So in this paper we are going to discuss various cryptographic and steganographic techniques used in order the keep the message secret.
Background Primary cardiac sarcomas are rare, aggressive types of malignancies with poor prognoses and can rarely present with thrombocytopenia. Sarcomas account for 65% of primary malignant cardiac tumours. Clinical symptoms often present with constitutional symptoms such as shortness of breath, weight loss, and fatigue. In addition, the tumour’s location determines treatment options and prognosis. Multimodal imaging facilitates the detection and assessment of cardiovascular tumours. This case study presents a rare primary right heart cardiac sarcoma presenting with thrombocytopenia. Case summary An 80-year-old male presented to the emergency department with complaints of worsening dyspnoea, ease of bruising, and chest pain. An extensive investigation into the cause of thrombocytopenia was performed. A transthoracic echocardiogram, computed tomography scan, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) image revealed a large mass affecting the right atrium and right ventricle. Myocardial biopsy showed high-grade angiosarcoma. Due to his advanced age and intraventricular septal involvement of the mass, the multidisciplinary team decided to proceed with palliative chemotherapy. Discussion Many cardiac tumours remain asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is made at an advanced stage of the disease. Differential diagnoses of the intramural masses include haemangiomas, lipomas, rhabdomyomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas. Multiple treatment options should be considered to address thrombocytopenia. Tumour diagnosis and identification consist of laboratory tests and multimodal imaging. Complete surgical resection with neoadjuvant and adjuvant purposes is the mainstay of cardiac sarcoma therapy. A multidisciplinary, individualized care approach should be performed.
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