Suicidal ideation and attempts are stigmatized behaviors, but little is known about the correlates of stigma among young adults with suicidal ideation. Data from the Healthy Minds Study (N = 14,147) were used to test the associations between suicidal ideation and indicators of emotional state nondisclosure, stereotype awareness, and stereotype agreement among college students. Among the subsample of respondents with past-year suicidal ideation (N = 1912), logistic regression was used to test whether stigma measures were associated with mental health outcomes including suicide attempts, self-harm, depression, anxiety, and flourishing. Undergraduate-and graduate-level college students with suicidal ideation reported greater stereotype awareness, stereotype agreement, and less willingness to disclose their emotional state compared to those without suicidal ideation. Among those with ideation, all stigma measures were associated with greater likelihood of self-harm, more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, and less flourishing. The main finding was that suicidal ideation is associated with greater stereotype awareness and agreement among college students, which may have an impact on other aspects of mental health, including potential risk for self-harm and suicidal behavior. Future research is needed to determine the temporality of these associations and to explore potential implications of suicide-related stigma among college students.
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Introduction. In March of 2021, limited recreational cannabis use was legalized in New York (NY) State. The effects of this legalization on cannabis use patterns remain unclear. This study aims to assess changes in cannabis use patterns and the reasons behind those changes following legalization. Methods. 646 cannabis users from the NY metropolitan area who completed a baseline online survey in 2018 on cannabis use patterns and related variables were contacted via email to complete a follow-up survey that included additional items related to legalization. 135 adults (F=56, M=75, T/O=4) have completed the survey in a 6-week recruitment period thus far. Respondents’ mean age at the time of the current survey was 36.1 (SD=8.5). Most respondents reported being college-educated (68.1%) and employed (81.0%), and the racial/ethnic breakdown was as follows: White=53.3%; Hispanic=18.5%; mixed/other=17.4%; Black=7.4%; Asian=2.2%. Results. Respondents reported using cannabis more for recreational than for medicinal purposes (48.46% vs 51.28% on a scale of 0 (fully recreational) -100 (fully medicinal); p=0.011) and reported spending $10.96 more as a minimum (p=0.031) and $49.61 more as a maximum (p=0.008) dollar amount, on average, on cannabis per week after legalization (relative to before legalization). Fewer participants reported vaping as a route of administration following legalization (48.9%) compared to pre-legalization (65.9%; p=0.002). The primary type of cannabis use differed from pre- to post-legalization (p=0.020), with primarily THC-composed cannabis seemingly increasing (73.3% vs 84.4%) relative to other cannabinoids following legalization. Finally, more participants reported hallucinogen use after legalization relative to before legalization (p=0.013). Conclusions. These data suggested that in a sample of regular cannabis users, some self-reported cannabis use patterns changed after legalization of recreational cannabis use in the NY metropolitan area. Cannabis use for recreational purposes increased relative to medicinal purposes, as did certain cannabis spend parameters, proportional THC use, and hallucinogen use. Reported vaping of cannabis decreased, which speculatively could be related to respiratory concerns associated with vaping interacting with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, rather than legalization per se. These results may inform policy and treatment initiatives regarding cannabis.
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