Malaria is a disease caused by parasitic infection, named Protozoa from the genus Plasmodium which is transmitted to humans by the bite of Anopheles mosquito. Manokwari Regency, which is located in West Papua Province, is a high malaria endemic area with Annual Parasite Incidence (API) 22.88 in 2018, this numbers is included in the High Case Incidence (HCI)> 5 category. The aim of this study is to analyze malaria cases in patients who treated at Sanggeng Public Health Center from November to December 2019 based on; the number of cases, patient characteristics (age group and gender) and type of Plasmodium. This research method is descriptive with a laboratory approach, namely microscopic examination of thin and thick blood preparations using a microscope. The results of the study of 730 patients, there were 35 malaria positive blood supplies. The highest prevalence of people with malaria were aged ≥ 15 years (51.42%). Most of the patients with malaria based on gender were women (51.43%) and the types of plasmodium found were Plasmodium falciparum (20%) and Plasmodium vivax (80%). Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Anopheles, malaria endemic ABSTRAK Malaria merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan infeksi parasit yaitu Protozoa dari genus Plasmodium yang ditular pada manusia oleh gigitan nyamuk Anopheles. Kabupaten Manokwari yang berada di wilayah Provinsi Papua Barat merupakan daerah endemis tinggi malaria dengan Annual Parasite Incidence (API) 22,88 tahun 2018, angka ini termasuk dalam kategori High Case Incidence (HCI) > 5. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis kasus malaria pada pasien yang berobat di Puskemas Sanggeng dari bulan November sampai Desember 2019 . Berdasarkan jumlah kasus, karakteristik pasien (berdasarkan kelompok umur dan jenis kelamin) dan jenis Plasmodium. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan laboratorium yaitu pemeriksaan secara mikroskopik sediaan darah tipis dan sediaan darah tebal menggunakan mikroskop. Hasil penelitian dari 730 pasien terdapat 35 sedian darah positif malaria. Prevalensi usia yang kena malaria paling tinggi pada usia ≥ 15 tahun (51,42 %). Penderita malaria berdasarkan jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah perempuan (51,43 %) dan jenis plasmodium yang ditemukan adalah Plasmodium falciparum (20%) dan Plasmodium vivax (80%). Kata kunci: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Anopheles, endemis malaria
<p><em>The objective of this research is to analyze the water quality of the south coastal area of Bunaken Island with the existence of bacterial polluter at the time of high tide of the surface of the sea, to identify the content of bacterial polluter, and to analyze the influence of abiotic environment (temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen) on the growth of bacterial polluter. This research has been conducted in the southern part of the coastal area of Bunaken Island at 6 stations: 1) Tanjung Pasir, 2) the water in front of Kampung Negeri, 3) Likuan, 4) Liang, 5) Tawara, and 6) in front of Alang Banua.</em></p><p><em>Samples were taken using the purposive sampling method. In analyzing the water sample to know the content of the bacterial polluter it has used the Most Probable Number (MPN) method with the presumption test by using the media of Lactose Broth (LB) and the confirmed test by using the Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB), whereas in testing the biochemical bacterial it has used the media of Mac Conkey agar. The biochemical test has used the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar, Sulfide Indol Motile (SIM), Simmons’s Citrate, Urease, and Lysine Iron Agar (LIA). </em></p><p><em>The result shows that at the time of high tide the coliform of bacteria and the Escherichia coli are highest at station 6,i.e. MPN/100 ml whereas in low tide the Escherichia coli bacteria is highest at station 4,i.e 1100 MPN/100 ml and Escherichia coli is the highest at station 6,i.e. 460 MPN/100 ml. Based on the biochemical test at the south coastal area of Bunaken Island, the following have been founded out: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Proteus inconstans and Enterobacter aerogenes. The result shows that the sea water at the surrounding of Bunaken Island has been contaminated by the normal intestinal tract of human beings and animals. The existence of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the waters is a sign of warning that the water is potential for disease dangerous for human health.</em></p><p><em>The tested abiotic environmental parameters vary; the temperature is between 26-30<sup>o</sup>C, salinity is between 34-35%, pH is between 7.8-8.9, and the dissolved oxygen (DO) is between 2.7-7 ppm. The parameters indicate the support of the growth of bacterial polluter.</em></p>
Indonesia has the potential of renewable natural resource which are abundant both in number and types of plants containing cellulose fiber. In natures cellulose cannot be completely degraded because it needs of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria which will produce cellulase enzymes so that it can degrade cellulose in nature. The purpose of this study was to analysed the activity of cellulase enzymes produced by bacterial isolates obtained from seagrass sediments. Cellulase activity of 11 bacterial isolates was determined by the cellulotic index value passing through the Congo Red staining method on 1% CMC solid media. A total of seven isolates indicated a positive result and the highest index value was produced by SI-E isolates, that is 4.7 mm. After that the value of cellulase enzyme activity from the seven positive isolates was determined by counting substrate reducing sugars through the 3.5-dinitrosalicylic (DNS) method. The results showed that SI-H isolates had the highest activity of 0.071 U/mL. ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki potensi berupa sumber daya alam terbaharukan yang melimpah baik dalam jumlah maupun jenis tumbuhan yang mengandung serat selulosa. Di alam selulosa tidak dapat terdegradasi secara sempurna oleh karena itu dibutuhkan bantuan mikroorganime seperti jamur dan bakteri yang akan menghasilkan enzim selulase sehingga dapat mendegradasi selulosa yang berada di alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktivitas enzim selulase yang dihasilkan oleh isolat bakteri yang digunakan. Aktivitas selulase dari 11 isolat bakteri ditentukan dengan nilai indeks selulotik melaluli metode pewarnaan merah kongo pada media padat CMC 1%. Sebanyak tujuh isolat yang menandakan hasil positif dan nilai indeks tertinggi dihasilkan oleh isolat SI-E yaitu 4.7 mm. Setelah itu nilai aktivitas enzim selulase dari ketujuh isolat positif ditentukan dengan menghitung gula pereduksi substrat melalui metode 3.5-dinitrosalisilat (DNS). Hasil menunjukkan isolat SI-H memiliki aktivitas tertinggi yaitu 0.071 U/mL.
<em>Isolation guided by brine-shrimp ( Artemia salina) bioassay from the stem bark of .Drymis beccariana Gibbs. led to isolate a bioactive compound called Velleral (<strong>1</strong>) ((3aS,8aS)-2,2,8-trimethyl-3,3a.6.8a-tetrahydro-1H-azulene-5,6-dicarbaldehyde).The structure of this compound was elucidated based on physical and spectroscopic data (UV, IR, , <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR and GC-MS). This compound showed significant active in the A. salina bioassay with IC<sub>50</sub> 2.92 µg/mL and exhibited siginificant cytotoxicity against murine P-388 leukemia cells with IC<sub>50</sub> 3,39 μg /mL.Moreover, the compound exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity especially against Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albians respectively. This result indicates that stem bark of D. beccariana is a potential source of bioactive compounds</em><em>.</em>
Kolam air panas War Aremi, adalah kolam Air Panas yang terdapat di Kampung Matatun Distrik Kebar, Papua Barat. Bakteri Termofilik tumbuh pada suhu lebih dari 45oC. Bakteri Termofilik menghasilkan enzim yang bermanfaat dalam dunia industri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif yang bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri termofilik dari Kolam Air Panas War Aremi di Kampung Matatun, Distrik Kebar, Kabupaten Tambrauw, Papua Barat dengan menngunakan Metode Tuang (Pour Plate) Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh tiga isolat bakteri termofilik dari sampel air panas, dan 4 isolat dari sampel sedimen. Berdasarkan hasil pengecatan gram dan pengamatan morfologi sel, ketujuh isolat bakteri termofilik yang berhasil diisolasi adalah merupakan kelompok bakteri gram positif dengan morfologi sel berbentuk sel batang. Berdasarkan hasil pewarnaan gram, pengamatan morfologi sel dan karakterisasi biokimia, ketujuh isolat bakteri termasuk genus Bacillus.
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