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Modelado de la biodegradación en biorreactores de lodos de hidrocarburos totales del petróleo intemperizados en suelos y sedimentos (Biodegradation modeling of sludge bioreactors of total petroleum hydrocarbons weathering in soil and sediments)

Objective: The objective was to study the evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of different doses ethanolic extract of Mikania scandens leaves.Methods: The rats were divided into five groups of six animals each (non-diabetic control, diabetic control, standard drug-treated, and plant treated groups (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight)). Diabetes was induced in the healthy male Wistar rats (150–200 g body weight, 4–6 weeks old) by the administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p.). On the 0th, 3th, 7th, 11th, and 15th days, the blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose. The antioxidant and antidiabetic parameters were evaluated by standard protocol. The liver tissue was used for histopathological assessment of liver damage.Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves of M. scandens showed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in the blood glucose levels and the antioxidant levels, with 500 mg/kg of body weight in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats as compared to the controls. Histopathological studies provided evidence that the leaf extract possesses antidiabetic activity.Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of leaves of M. scandens showed potent antidiabetic and antioxidant abilities against alloxan-induced rats, which indicate the presence of hypoglycemic constituents in the plant.

The aim of the study is to assess the antibio ilm activity of ethanolic extracts of few Indian traditional herbal plants against Staphylococcus aureus bio ilm along with phytochemical analysis of plant extracts and identi ication of active compounds. Broth micro-dilution method was followed for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) study of the plants against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Chitin was used as a substrate for bio ilm formation and antibio ilm activity of plant extract was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the chitin lakes were analysed to determine the inhibitory effect of the plant extract on Staphylococcus aureus bio ilm. Curcuma longa showed the best antibacterial activities where MIC and MBC were 0.4 mg/ml and 1.60 mg/ml respectively. Viability cell counts of both planktonic and sessile condition of Staphylococcus aureus showed that C.longa ethanolic extract have an antibio ilm activity. The major compounds of C.longa extract was found to be curcumin, which responded for antibio ilm activity against S. aureus. Curcuma longa rhizome and its active compound curcumin can be a potential natural source of antibio ilm agents against infectious bio ilm forming Staphylococcus aureus.

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MIC determination is the standard assay for testing the susceptibility of planktonic bacteria to antibiotics. It has been observed that biofilm grown cells express properties distinct from planktonic cells, for which antibiotics are generally not effective against biofilm forming organisms. The current study aims at comparison of the susceptibilities of biofilm grown cells to sin-gle antibiotic and in combination with others to identify those that were effective against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. S. aureus ATCC 25923 were used for the purpose. They were grown in Tryptic Soya Broth (TSB) with chitin flakes as the inert surface to which the organisms adhered to produce the biofilm. Growth pattern of both biofilm producing and planktonic cells were studied. Viable counts were determined on Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) plates. Different antibiotics viz. gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin were used to determine the sensitivity of the bacterial strain. There was a marked differ-ence in antibiotic susceptibility between the planktonic and biofilm popula-tion of the organism. It was found that the biofilm colonies were more resistant to the antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and gentamicin than the planktonic cells. The reduction in growth of bacteria was much more for gentamicin compared to that of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin and when antibiotic combination gentamicin - vancomycin it is much more reduced. It is thus clear from the test that the antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic populations are not necessarily applicable to the effective treatment of the same organism once a biofilm has been established.