The emergence and global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have been described as the main factor driving the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil, the Gamma variant dominated the epidemiological scenario during the first period of 2021. Many Brazilian regions detected the Delta variant after its first description and documented its spread. To monitor the introduction and spread of VOC Delta, we performed genotyping-PCR and genome sequencing in ten regional sentinel units from June to October 2021 in the State of Minas Gerais (MG). We documented the introduction and spread of Delta, comprising 70% of the cases eight weeks later. Comparing the viral loads of the Gamma and Delta dominance periods, we provide additional evidence that the latter is more transmissible. The spread and dominance of Delta did not culminate in the increase in cases and deaths, suggesting that the vaccination may have restrained the epidemic growth. Analysis of 224 novel Delta genomes revealed that Rio de Janeiro state was the primary source for disseminating this variant in the state of MG. We present the establishment of Delta, providing evidence of its enhanced transmissibility and showing that this variant shift did not aggravate the epidemiological scenario in a high immunity setting.
Brazil currently ranks second in absolute deaths by COVID-19, even though most of its population has completed the vaccination protocol. With the introduction of Omicron in late 2021, the number of COVID-19 cases soared once again in the country. We investigated in this work how lineages BA.1 and BA.2 entered and spread in the country by sequencing 2173 new SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected between October 2021 and April 2022 and analyzing them in addition to more than 18,000 publicly available sequences with phylodynamic methods. We registered that Omicron was present in Brazil as early as 16 November 2021 and by January 2022 was already more than 99% of samples. More importantly, we detected that Omicron has been mostly imported through the state of São Paulo, which in turn dispersed the lineages to other states and regions of Brazil. This knowledge can be used to implement more efficient non-pharmaceutical interventions against the introduction of new SARS-CoV variants focused on surveillance of airports and ground transportation.
We report SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance results between Belo Horizonte, Brazil’s third and fourth case waves. Samples were obtained through a routine university monitoring COVID-19 program from the 9th to the 22nd epidemiological weeks (March and June 2022). We identified ten samples from the BA.1 clade (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.1.14.1 lineages) and 45 samples from the BA.2 clade (BA.2, BA.2.56, BA.2.9, BA.2.62, BA.2.23, BA.2.81, and BA.2.10). We observed progressive replacement of the BA.1 by the BA.2 clade. Furthermore, two XAG recombinants were found in the 22nd week. Diversification of the omicron variant seems to have contributed to the resurgence of cases in Belo Horizonte, similarly to what has been reported in South Africa.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42770-022-00848-5.
Ainda que já tenha sido estudada a sua causa e os mecanismos interferentes em seu desenvolvimento, o câncer contempla um alto índice de mortalidade, fato indicativo de que não há muitas expectativas de sobrevida para os indivíduos em quadros terminais. Muitos são os tratamentos, sendo os mais eficazes a retirada dos possíveis tumores por
The human body is inhabited by millions of microorganisms , which play an auxiliary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as in the immune protection of the host. The human skin contains an immense number of microorganisms , which vary with the local interferences and appear different according to the area where they inhabit. However, such microorganisms are in constant modification due to some disturbances. Knowing that chemotherapy is a very aggressive treatment for human cells and based on other related researches, the work in question is an evaluation of the changes caused by the epidermal microbiota in cancer patients after the chemotherapy treatment. The methods consisted in the collection of samples by sterile swab rubbed in the patients' skin pre-and postchemotherapy treatment, and in the analysis of the samples, which were sown in three culture media with different properties. Subsequently, the main bacteria that grew in the medium were isolated and identified by means of Gram staining and biochemical tests. Some qualitative changes were found at the species level; however, we detected the preservation of the microorganisms Staphylococcus epidermidis, the main colonizers of the skin and that present beneficial role for the host. Therefore, the results are positive when evaluated from a collaboration point of view to improve patients' quality of life. A more complete analysis of the microbiota is now required through molecular techniques, so that quantitative results can be verified.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.