Most of urban lakes in Megacity Jakarta have become shallow, polluted and in eutrophic condition due to solids and nutrient pollution which requires urgent handling and management. Aquatic vegetation especially emergent and submerged plants in the lake littoral area have been known to play an important role to reduce the contaminants in the lake water. Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are cultivated plants growing on buoyant mats in open water. FTWs are an innovative tool that has been widely used for ponds and storm water quality improvement. This study aims to examine the effect of submerged plant and the ability of two different plants grown on Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) system to improve an urban lake water quality. One urban lake has been selected for this study where the lake littoral at the inlet area has been overgrown by the submerged aquatic plant of Myriophillum verticillatum. Two units of Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) (size of 3 m2 each) made of rubber mat and PVC pipes (3 inches) as buoyant material and planted with Heliconia densiflora. and Vetiveria zizanioides. The performance of the FTWs applied and M. vercillatum was assessed by calculating the removal efficiency of nutrients and solids concentrations in the lake water of the coverage area. The observations of several water quality parameters including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) were made at the site before and after the submerged plant and FTWs. Both FTW_ H. densiflora and FTW_V. zizaniodes removed more nutrients and also suspended solids per m2 area than M. vercillatum. Although both submerged vegetation and FTWs can be used as tools to manage a long-term stability for good urban lake water quality, it will require intensive harvesting to control productivity of submerged vegetation.
Indonesia comprises a high diversity of plant species, some of which may have a potential role as metal phytoaccumulators including gold (Au), known as phytomining agents. Some local plants grown at the metal-contaminated sites can become potential phytoaccumulators due to their adaptation capability to the metal-polluted conditions. Phytomining is one of the eco-friendly methods usually used to extract lowgrade metal bio-ore from the environment and this method can be applied on gold tailing waste. This study aimed to find the hyperaccumulator plants selected from a gold mine area, which can be applied for a gold (Au) phytomining agent. The study was located in Aneka Tambang Inc. (PT. ANTAM-UBPE Pongkor), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. A vegetation analysis was carried out using a transect experiment on the area around gold mine tailings dam, and the samples were collected for further analysis. Tailings were sampled for metal analysis, while the plant samples including the below-ground and above-ground part of biomass were separated, washed, and weighed for the biomass and metal analyses. The total concentration of gold in the plants and tailings was measured by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). There were 17 plant species identified as gold accumulators collected from the gold mine tailing area, which were potential phytomining agents. The gold measurement showed that all plants species had the ability to absorb gold residues from the tailings dam, indicating that all the plants have a potential role as gold phytoaccumulators. Among the species, Typha angustifolia had the highest importance value index (IVI) followed by Cyperus haspan. The results showed that T. angustifolia and C. haspan were among the plants with the highest potential as Au phytoaccumulators to support the gold phytomining program for the gold mine tailing area.
Two sets of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) have been evaluated as a tool for lake restoration and microhabitat provision for aquatic biota in a highly eutrophic and polymictic Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. Each FTW system consisted of 14 units square floating frame built using PVC pipes and palm sugar fibres as material mat transplanted onto net. All units of FTW were planted with different vegetation composition arrangement then placed inside the square metal frame attached on buoyant plastic drums to support the FTWs against the wave. The plants used in this study were Canna variegata, Vetiveria zizanioides, Cyperus papyrus, Echinodorus polaefolius and Limnocharis flava. FTWs were evaluated for 7 months for nutrient removal efficiency and other water quality indicators. Despite unstable lake conditions accompanied by strong waves and lake mixing, the cage and the PVC frame of FTWs applied remained intact and providing the buoyancy to support the plant growth. The plants in FTWs grew and adapted well in the turbulence water and even in the hypoxic conditions. Improvement of lake water quality in the FTWs area may be small but the accumulated nutrients content in the plant shoots suggests high removal of nutrients. In total by the end of observation, one FTWs system could remove > 100 g N and > 7 g P from the lake water. During field observation, important local fish and diverse wildlife activities were recorded including inhabiting, foraging, breeding, nursing and resting in the FTWs. Our study suggests that FTWs can be a promising tool for lake restoration to improve lake water quality and for microhabitat provision.
Urban lakes have become important city landscape to help maintaining the balance of hydrology (groundwater and surface) and ecology in urban ecosystem. Due to experiencing encroachment and severe pollution problems, the lakes require urgent handling and management. One of the promising alternative solutions of lake restoration and management is applying ecosystem-based approaches and/or green technology such as treatment wetland systems using plants. This paper will review various types of tropical plants (terrestrial and aquatic plants) and evaluate their role in maintaining urban lake water quality in megacity Jakarta and their performance in treatment wetland systems from our previous and on-going studies. Plants with more important role to contribute to improve lake water quality are the submerged and emergent plants. The most common and robust types of aquatic plants in less abundance and balanced plant structure and composition at the lake shoreline and littoral area with controlled submerged plants and no indication of invasive species give better lake water quality of urban lakes. The most robust type of aquatic plants and few types of terrestrial plants studied could give significant nutrient and solids removal efficiency in both constructed and floating treatment wetland systems. Using plants with ecosystem-based approaches according to plant structure at the lake surroundings and in the treatment wetland systems could contribute to maintain better urban lake water quality.
<strong>Fish Distribution at Different Inundation Areas in Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi. </strong>Lake Tempe area consists of permanent standing watersand non-permanent area (flooded area). This study aims to investigate the species and its relative abundance distribution, as well as the distribution of size, condition factor, and gonad maturity stage of dominant species at those different areas. Sampling was carried at high water level period (March, June, and August 2017) in 18 stations, stations 1 to 13 represent the non-permanent inundation areas, and stations 14 to 18 represent the permanent inundation area. Fish was caught using various gears. Fish was identified morphologically and the number was counted. The size of the dominant species was measured and the gonad maturity stage was determined. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of this study show that the highest number of species is found in non-permanent inundation areas. Species that are only found in non-permanent inundation areas are <em>Clarias batrachus</em>, <em>Anabas testudineus</em>, <em>Pangasianodon hypopthalmus</em>, and <em>Trichopodus pectoralis</em>. The dominant fish in the non-permanent inundation area are <em>Oxyeleotris marmorata</em>, <em>Channa striata</em>, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>, <em>Trichopodus trichopterus</em>, and <em>Pterygoplichthys pardalis</em>. These fishes have contributed significantly to capture fisheries production. The most abundant fish is <em>Barbonymus gonionotus</em>. The condition factor and the gonad maturity stage of the <em>B. gonionotus</em>in in the both areas were not significantly different. Larger fishes and higher relative abundance of <em>B. gonionotus</em>, when the water level was rising, were found in permanent inundation area. It can be concluded that the existence of those different inundation areas is important for fisheries productivity in Lake Tempe
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