Three types of analysis conducted at one of Thailand's coal-fired power plants were reported in this paper. The analyses consisting of energy, exergy, and externalities cost rate analysis are aimed to analyse the largest energy loss and exergy destruction that occurs in the system, to assess the contribution of Energy externalities cost rate based on fuel price, and to determine potential cost saving. Energy loss at the condenser was the highest among major units of the Thai power plants, which contributed around 49.11% at full load condition and was followed by a boiler, turbine, etc. Furthermore, the boiler was identified as the highest exergy destruction producer, with around 57.73% of total exergy input into the system, followed by turbines, heaters, etc. Moreover, the energy and exergy efficiency of Thai's power plant was calculated to be around 35.60% and 31.76%, respectively. The highest externalities cost rate due to energy loss occurred in the condenser was about 0.56 $/s, whereas the highest externalities cost rate due to exergy destruction identified in the boiler was about 0.67 $/s. By improving boiler and turbine components, Thai's PP has a potential cost saving of around 21.2 million $/year, reducing 88.44% of the externalities cost of exergy destruction. Keywords: Energy loss, Exergy destruction, Externalities cost rate, Potential saving cost.
Telah terjadi kerusakan pada sejumlah tube pada kondensor Ortho Dichlorobenzene (ODCB). Kondensor ODCB adalah jenis shell and tube tipe BEM, posisi vertikal, dengan expansion joint pada shell. ODCB mengalir di sisi tube dan air pendingin (CW) mengalir di sisi shell secara paralel dari atas ke bawah. Hasil uji material menyimpulkan bahwa kerusakan berupa Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) yang disebabkan oleh tegangan bengkok akibat ekspansi tube yang tertahan. Namun demikian, ternyata retakan tube terjadi tidak pada tengah-tengah bentangan panjang tube melainkan pada jarak sekitar 450 – 500 mm dari tube sheet, tidak jauh dari shell inlet nozlle. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mempelajari fenomena termohidrolika lokal yang menyebabkan kerusakan tube. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan pada jarak sekitar 450 – 500 mm dari tube sheet, CW di sisi shell mulai mendidih dan ODCB di sisi tube mulai terkondensasi. Uap air yang terbentuk mengisi ruang shell bagian atas. Proses pendinginan di zona ini menjadi sangat buruk dan mengakibatkan gradien temperatur dinding tube ke arah longitudinal cukup tinggi. Gradien temperatur yang tinggi menyebabkan kekuatan dinding tube menurun, sehingga saat ekspansi tube tertahan, tube akan bengkok pada zona tersebut.Kata kunci: Ortho Dichlorobenzene, kondesor, shell and tube, BEM, aliran paralel, SS 316 L, stress corrosion cracking, tube bengkok, kondensasi, pendidihan
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