Background:Short implants are manufactured for use in atrophic regions of the jaws. Although many studies report on short implants as ≤10 mm length with considerable success, the literature regarding survival rate of ≤7 mm is sparse.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the publications concerning short dental implants defined as an implant with a length of ≤7 mm placed in the maxilla or in the mandible.Materials and Methods:A Medline and manual search was conducted to identify studies concerning short dental implants of length ≤7 mm published between 1991 and 2011. The articles included in this study report data on implant length ≤7 mm, such as demographic variables, implant type, location in jaws, observation time, prostheses and complications.Results:The 28 included studies represent one randomized controlled trial, 12 prospective studies and 10 retrospective studies. The survival rate of short implant was found to be increased from 80% to 90% gradually, with recent articles showing 100%.Conclusion:When severe atrophy of jaws was encountered, short and wide implants can be placed successfully.
Aim:The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence implant length on stress distribution at bone implant interface in single immediately loaded implants when placed in D4 bone quality.Materials and Methods:A 2-dimensional finite element models were developed to simulate two types of implant designs, standard 3.75 mm–diameter tapered body implants of 6 and 10 mm lengths. The implants were placed in D4 bone quality with a cortical bone thickness of 0.5 mm. The implant design incorporated microthreads at the crestal part and the rest of the implant body incorporated Acme threads. The Acme thread form has a 29° thread angle with a thread height half of the pitch; the apex and valley are flat. A 100 N of force was applied vertically and in the oblique direction (at an angle of 45°) to the long axis of the implants. The respective material properties were assigned. Micro-movements and stresses at the bone implant interface were evaluated.Results:The results of total deformation (micro-movement) and Von mises stress were found to be lower for tapered long implant (10 mm) than short implant (6 mm) while using both vertical as well as oblique loading.Conclusion:Short implants can be successfully placed in poor bone quality under immediate loading protocol. The novel approach of the combination of microthreads at the crestal portion and acme threads for body portion of implant fixture gave promising results.
Purpose. The purpose of this finite element study was to compare stresses, strains, and displacements of double versus single implant, in immediate loading for replacing mandibular molar. Materials and Methods. Two 3D FEM models were made to simulate implant designs. The first model used 6 mm wide-diameter implant to support a single molar crown. The second model used 3.75-3.75 double implant design. Each model was analyzed with a single force magnitude of 70 N in oblique axis in three locations. Results. This FEM study suggested that micromotion can be well controlled by both double implants and 6 mm single wide-diameter implant. The Von Mises stress for double implant had 31%–43% stress reduction compared to the 6 mm implant. Conclusion. Within the limitations of the paper, when the mesiodistal space for artificial tooth is more than 12.5 mm, under immediate loading, the double implant support should be considered.
Background:The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the dimensions of ridge/width of bone and deviation of center of ridge using Intra Oral Periapical Radiographs (IOPA) in occlusal projection as a preprosthetic diagnostic method.Materials and Methods:Mandibles with edentulous space were procured and cold cure acrylic stents were fabricated. Three holes were drilled occlusally, buccally, lingually and filled with gutta percha. Then mandibles were tied to menaquine model which was fitted to a dental chair. IOPA radiographs in occlusal projection were taken. Radiographs were scanned to obtain a digital image which was analyzed using computerized software. Direct measurements were taken and compared. The position of center of ridge was compared in vitro and radiographically using student unpaired t test and width of bone was compared using Karl Pearson's coefficient test.Results:Comparisons of bucco-lingual ridge width using radiographical measurement versus in vitro method showed a mean value of 4.1930 with deviation of 0.5934 and the proposed position of center of ridge for both the methods gave a mean value of 0.2738 with deviation of 0.1164.Conclusion:The findings in this study suggested that IOPA radiographs in occlusal projection can be used as a preprosthetic diagnostic method to assess the width of the alveolar bone for future flapless implant placement.
Plaque biolms is the primary etiology for periodontitis. Mechanical debridement procedures to treat periodontitis still remain the gold standard
but adjunctive antimicrobial therapy is also required in certain cases. However the use of antibiotics has their own disadvantages of creating
resistant bacterial forms as well as systemic side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel non-invasive therapeutic approach which
overcomes these problems. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photochemotherapy has increased pathogen specicity as well as site specicity and
hence no systemic effects. PDTinvolves the use of a photosensitiser which on exposure to light of specic wavelength, gets activated, to form toxic
oxygen species which further cause a localised photodamage and cell death. As PDT is with no localised as well as systemic adverse effects, its
application in periodontal disease treatment continues to evolve into a mature clinical treatment modality.
Background:
The study was aimed to compare and evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) polymerized with hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft and HA bone graft alone for treating three-wall intrabony defects (IBDs).
Materials and Methods:
The trial was planned as a randomized, prospective clinico-radiographic study with inclusion of 34 three-wall IBDs in patients with stage III periodontitis. IBDs were assigned randomly to one of the groups, i.e., Group I – experimental (i-PRF + HA) and Group II – control (HA alone). At baseline and 6 and 9-month intervals, both the clinical and radiographic measurements were taken and baseline and 9-month data were tabulated and imported into SPSS 22 software. Student unpaired and paired t- tests were used to find significant differences (p<0.05).
Results:
Both the groups showed substantial changes in all clinical and radiographic measures on comparison from baseline values. On intergroup comparison, the i-PRF + HA group reported significantly higher original defect resolution and original defect fill as compared to the HA group.
Conclusion:
i-PRF polymerized with HA graft has shown better results as compared to HA graft alone in three-wall IBDs and therefore can be used as a better possible alternative for the treatment of three-wall IBDs.
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