This study examined the occurrences of expressions of disagreement in the textbook and corpora namely Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and British National Corpus (BNC). Besides, this study scrutinized the concordance lines in which disagreement occur to obtain other language functions that were usually used together in expressions of disagreement. It also studied the used of adverbs in expressions of disagreement. They were categorized based on semantic categories develop by Biber, et al. (1999). Some expressions of disagreement given in the textbook were not found in BNC. The findings from the corpora showed that the speakers tend to give opinions and reasons in stating disagreement. They, moreover, showed direct respect to the interlocutors in order to manage the relationship. These language functions were not found in the expressions of disagreement in the textbook. The adverbs that belonged to the categories of degree and stance were more salient than any other categories. The adverbs intensified the level of disagreement and represent speakers’ certainty. Furthermore, the adverbs indicate speakers’ attitude toward the issues of disagreement. It seemed that adverbs played a role in stating disagreement. However, no expressions of disagreement in the textbook contained adverbs.---Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengecek kemunculan ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menyatakan tidak setuju di buku teks dan korpus. Korpus tersebut adalah Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) dan British National Corpus (BNC). Selain itu, penelitian ini mengkaji ungkapan lain yang biasanya muncul ketika menyatakan tidak setuju dengan menganalisa baris konkordansi. Lebih dalam lagi, penelitian ini menganalisa adverbial yang muncul dalam ungkapan menyatakan tidak setuju. Adverbia dikategorikan berdasarkan klasifikasi yang dikembangkan oleh Biber, dkk (1999). Beberapa ungkapan yang muncul di buku teks tidak ditemukan di BNC. Penutur cenderung memberikan pendapat dan alasan ketika menyatakan tidak setuju. Mereka juga menunjukan sikap hormat kepada lawan bicaranya untuk menjaga hubungan. Hali seperti ini tidak ditemui di ungkapan menyatakan tidak setuju yang terdapat di buku teks. Adverbia yang berfungsi untuk menunjukan kadar dan kepastian dalam ungkapan tidak setuju merupakan fitur penting. Selain itu, adverbia yang merefleksikan sikap penutur juga menjadi fitur yang menonjol dalam menyatakan tidak setuju. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa adverbia memiliki peranan tersendiri ketika penutur menyatakan tidak setuju. Namun, semua ungkapan menyatakan tidak setuju di buku teks tidak memuat adverbia.DOI : 10.15408/bat.v24i1.7017
This study aims at examining differences of complex noun phrases written by Indonesian writers and English native writers in English academic prose particularly undergraduate students’ theses. The complex noun phrases were scrutinized based on how they were modified (Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan, 1999, pp.588-644). Corpus method that is concordance analysis of nouns was applied to identify the modifications. The data were taken from four undergraduate theses. Two of them were written by non-native writers and the others were produced by native writers. The differences cover some modifiers namely adverb (phrase) as premodifiers and postmodifiers, adjective (phrase) as postmodifiers, relativizers, prepositional phrases, appositives, and multiple modifiers whether premodifiers or postmodifiers. The differences occur might be caused by L1 interference such as in the use of adjective (phrase), adverb phrase, and reflexive pronoun as postmodifier. Non-native writers do not produce any adjective (phrase) and reflexive pronoun as postmodifiers. For multiple premodifiers and postmodifiers, differences occur in the form of the highest number of modifiers in the NPs and their types. In the long noun phrases, the non-native writers modified the nouns with a number of appositives. NPs written by native writers of English are more complex.
This study analyzes discourse marker (DM) kok (why) in colloquial Jakartan Indonesian. Co-occurences of markers are noticeable features. It focuses on examining the emotive and textual functions of the co-occurences of kok and other markers. This study applied corpus methods. It was found that there are 7 markers co-occur with kok namely lho, eh, oh, lha, wah, ah, and ih that always appear on the left side of kok. Only DM sih occurs on the right side. In emotive functions, the co-occurrences were used to show shock, disappointment, and disgust. Three markers might occur together in one utterance which cause more complex senses. Some utterances with kok appear repeatedly in the form of questions. It seems that in questions with kok, the speakers feel more curious and demand more responses. In textual functions, the speakers use the co-occurrences to raise a topic, emphasize, demand answers, and negotiate. Moreover, it was also used when the speakers have just noticed something and tried to make the interlocutors notice.
Internet Gaming Disorder atau IGD merupakan suatu fenomena yang muncul akibat dari ketidakmampuan mengontrol penggunaan internet dan video games dan sangat popular saat ini. Sejak tahun 2012, lebih dari 1 miliyar orang memainkan internet atau video games. Saat ini IGD sudah resmi dimasukkan sebagai gangguan dalam sistem diagnostik umum (DSM-5). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gambaran perilaku remaja dan gangguan status kognitif, seperti hambatan aktivitas, gangguan tidur, dan kestabilan emosi. Metode dilakukan dengan menggunakan review artikel dari tahun 2009-2019 yang menggunakan 2 kelompok percobaan, diantara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok pasien pengidap internet gaming disorder. Kedua kelompok tersebut dilakukan pemeriksaan status kognitif dan gambaran perilaku menggunakan kuosioner dan wawancara. Hasil berbagai penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan pengaruh yang kuat antara IGD dan gangguan status kognitif, emosi serta perilaku. Simpulan penelitian adalah terdapat pengaruh antara IGD dengan perilaku psikopatologis seperti interpersonal sensitivity, depresi, kecemasan, paranoid, dan gangguan tidur serta berdampak pada penurunan gangguan fungsi kognitif, terutama pada domain atensi. Kata kunci : internet gaming disorder, status kognitif, perilaku psikopatologi THE IMPACT OF INTERNET GAMING DISORDER TO COGNITIVE STATUS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR ABSTRACTInternet Gaming Disorder is a phenomenon that arises due to inability to control the use of internet and video games, and has become a topic very popular. Since 2012, more than 1 billion people have played interned or video games. Internet Gaming Disorder officialy included in the third section of the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This study aims to analyze adolescent’s behavior, cognitive status disorder, such as activity barriers, sleep disorder, and emotional stability. The method is analyzing the articles from 2009-2019 that used 2 experimental groups, between the control group and the IGD group. Both groups were examined cognitive status and behavioral description using questionnaires and interview. The result of various studies showed a strong correlation between IGD and cognitive status, emotional and behavior. The conclusion of the study, that there is a correlation between IGD with psychopathological behavior such as interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoid, and sleep disturbance, experience disorder of cognitive impairment, especially in the attention domain. Keywords : internet gaming disorder, cognitive status, psychopathological behavior
The use of corpus methods that combines both quantitative and qualitative aspects has benefited the field of discourse analysis. It is a corpus-assisted discourse study. The study focuses on the ways the writers of online reviews of tourist attractions in TripAdvisor website interact and how they position themselves and the readers. The study employed Lextutor online to get the keywords and Antconc to find the collocations and scrutinize the concordance lines. In the interaction, the writers evaluated the tourist attractions, gave advice and instructions, recounted, reported what the others said, thanked, and encouraged the readers to imagine. The writers tried to provide the information as much as possible and put themselves as the ones that have wider knowledge than the readers. They did it to help the readers make the right decision and anticipate particular conditions. A particular language structure such as prepositional phrases becomes the salient features of this text type.DOI:https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.010206
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