In this work, dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DCNCs) were prepared via oxidizing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with sodium periodate. The changes in the morphology of CNCs were evaluated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The product (DCNC) was used as an adsorbent for creatinine. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of DCNCs increased with the increase in its aldehyde content. With a decrease in the size of DCNCs, the adsorption of creatinine on DCNCs became faster. The results revealed that the adsorption isotherm of DCNCs agreed with the Freundlich adsorption model and the adsorption process followed a second‐order kinetic model. Overall, the maximum adsorption of creatinine on DCNCs (with 4.41 mmol/g aldehyde content) was 1.50 mg/g, which was obtained under the adsorption conditions of 100 mg/L initial creatinine concentration, 8 h treatment time, and pH 7. The results suggest that the DCNCs may have potential to be used as an adsorbent for creatinine to treat chronic renal failure.
Potato residue is vastly produced in the food industry but it is landfilled. This article describes the treatment of purified cellulose derived from potato residues by a high pressure homogenizer to produce nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC), which was then oxidized by sodium periodate to prepare dialdehyde nano-fibrillated cellulose (DANFC). The produced NFC and DANFC were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The orthogonal experiment was induced to obtain the maximum degree of oxidation (DO) on DANFC. The results indicated that the optimal conditions were 40°C and pH 3. Alternatively, the isotherm and kinetic studies for the adsorption of creatinine on DANFC with different DOs (70.5 and 88.8%) were investigated, and the experimental results fitted well into Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities of DANFCs with the DO of 70.55 and 88.85% were 6.7 and 17.2 mg g(-1) , respectively, which were achieved under the conditions of 37°C and initial creatinine concentration of 100 mg L(-1).
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