Agave angustifolia Haw. se distribuye en la vertiente occidental de la Sierra Madre en Sonora, México, donde se utiliza para la elaboración del destilado denominado 'Bacanora'. Se muestreó rizosfera y raicillas de esta especie durante las cuatro estaciones del año, para evaluar su relación con hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) en tres poblaciones silvestres. La cantidad de esporas de HMA varió de 9200 a 43 500 esporas dm-3, que pertenecen a 32 morfotipos de Acaulospora (10), Archaeospora (2), Diversispora (1), Glomus (17) y Pacispora (2). La colonización micorrízica fluctuó de 4.8 a 24.9 %, la densidad visual de 0.43 a 0.51 %, el micelio intrarradical de 3.8 a 8.9 mg dm-3, y el micelio extrarradical de 31.1 a 93.4 mg dm-3. El análisis de correspondencia mostró que sodio, potasio y magnesio son los factores abióticos más importantes, y que los factores bióticos relevantes fueron las relaciones micelio extrarradical:micelio intrarradical y micelio extrarradical:peso seco de raicillas. Sin embargo, el análisis de correspondencia canónica mostró que la relación A. angustifolia-HMA es más compleja y no puede explicarse solamente con estos factores.
Despite the ubiquity and importance of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for plant ecosystems; functioning of indigenus mycorrhizal symbiosis (IMS) and related environmental factors at coastal Caribbean ecosystems remains still scarce. In order to determine functionality of IMS under contrasting land uses and wet seasons from Cuba, the influence of the water stress on some AMF functionality parameters from a semi-natural savannah (NS), a recovered savannah (RS) and an agro-ecosystem (AG) from the Managed Floristic Reserve San Ubaldo-Sabanalamar, Pinar del Rio, Cuba were assessed during two-years. Soil and root samples were collected in April and October, during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, in 2008 and 2010. Four plots in each ecosystem were selected, and five soil sub-samples were randomly collected, bulked, mixed homogeneously and used as the composite sample per plot. The host plant root biomass, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of the host plant, density of the intraradical and extraradical AMF mycelia, fungal endophyte biomass and AMF spore density were assessed. The host plant root biomass increased in the NS environment during the dry season, and approximately 12.85g root/dm 3 dry soil was recorded. The colonization degree were significantly higher in all environments during the wet season of the second year, with means ranging from 79% to 89%. The extraradical mycelia were significantly more abundant in the dry season of the second year in all environments, with a maximum of 279mg/dm 3 in the RS ecosystem. The density of AMF spores was highest in the dry season of the second year for the three studied ecosystems. The RS ecosystem hosted 5 670 spores/100g dry soil. In general, the influence of rainfall seasonality on the function of AMF was stronger than the influence of ecosystem management. The root biomass and extraradical mycelia were high in the dry seasons, suggesting strategies to increase the volume of soil for the mutual benefit of the symbionts. The increase in spore density during the dry seasons appears as an adaptation allowing AMF to survive period of water shortage. This study improves our understanding of the adaptative responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to seasonal variations in soil water availability. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (2): 341-356. Epub 2015 June 01.
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