In a field study in department stores it was investigated whether the gender‐typing of the organizational context influences leadership behaviour of male and female managers. Shop assistants in masculine‐ to feminine‐typed departments described their manager in terms of task‐oriented, people‐oriented, and transformational leadership styles. As predicted, no gender differences in leadership styles were found. The gender‐typing of departments did not affect perceived leadership styles. Another contextual variable, the site of the department store, unexpectedly influenced leader behaviour.

Worry in daily life might have substantial cardiac effects in addition to the effects of stressful events, especially in the form of work-related and anticipatory stress, the latter being a type of stress that has been largely neglected in stress research.

These findings extend the evidence that a time-limited cognitive-behavioural intervention is effective for patients with recurrent and chronic self-harm.

Worry has effects on cardiac activity, and these effects were still visible after 2 hours. The latter finding suggests that a considerable part of prolonged activation may be induced by unconscious stress-related cognition.