One- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide microslab gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining was devised to visualize picogram to nanogram levels of proteins and was applied to the analysis of 1-20 mouse oocytes and embryos (approximately 16.5-330 ng of protein) during preimplantation development. Compared with values in embryos, more bands in the higher molecular weight range were found only for unfertilized oocytes in one-dimensional microelectrophoresis. A marked decrease in the number of protein spots occurred after fertilization in two-dimensional microelectrophoresis. Both findings indicate a decrease in maternal proteins caused by fertilization. Silver-staining densities were almost invariable for 8 major spots, but increased, decreased, or varied for 32 minor spots in developing embryos from the 1-cell to the morula stage, signifying spot-specific changes in the expression of zygotic proteins during development. The protein patterns in cumulus cells and blastocysts were different from those in oocytes and embryos. Even in a single 1-cell embryo, major spots and some minor spots were detectable by our two-dimensional microelectrophoretic technique, but many more minor spots were visualized in five 1-cell embryos, exemplifying the limit of our microelectrophoretic technique. As a preliminary result, a two-dimensional immunoblot pattern is shown for glucose transporter 1 expressed in morulae.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between tests used as balance ability test and the star excursion balance test (SEBT) for 50-to 60-year-olds which was reported by Kinzey et al. in 1998. [Subjects] Seventeen healthy 50-to 60-year-olds (13 males and 4 females, mean age was 62.8 6.2 years old) participated in this study. [Methods] We conducted balance ability tests such as 10 m walking distance, the 30-s chairstand test (CS-30) and one-leg standing time with eyes open and closed. In addition, we performed SEBT. [Results] There was no correlation between 10 m walking distance and SEBT or between one-leg standing time with eyes open and SEBT. On the other hand, there were the significant correlations between CS-30 and all reach directions in SEBT, between one-leg standing time with eyes closed and postero-lateral (PL) in SEBT, and between posterior (PO) and postero-medial (PM) in SEBT. [Conclusion] These results suggest that it is necessary for the balance ability of 50-to 60-year-olds to assess reach distance of the lower extremity such as in the posterior, postero-lateral and postero-medial of directions.
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