Cempaka Tropical Cyclone (TC) occurred on November 27, 2017, at the Indian Ocean and induced high rainfall leading to flooding in the southern part of Java island. One of the most affected areas is the karst landscape of Gunung Sewu. This study aims to identify flood inundated areas caused by the Cempaka TC in the Gunung Sewu karst landscape through satellite imagery of Sentinel 1B. Sentinel 1B imageries were used to extract the flood inundation area through the processing of random forest (RF) and the thresholding value (TV). A significant difference in flood inundated area was obtained between RF and TV, where RF shows a result of 526.07 ha of the total inundated area while the TV shows a result of 105.46 ha. However, both methods show the same sequence for three regencies with the highest total flood inundated area (Gunungkidul, Pacitan, and Wonogiri) and show the same range of each flood inundated area (0-0.5 ha). This distribution of flood inundated area can be used by policymakers as a basis for spatial planning in Gunung Sewu karst landscape.
Limestone mining activities in the Klapanunggal Karst Landscape were carried out at surface level. This method induced several adverse impacts on the environment. This study aimed to detect land destruction in the Klapanunggal Karst Landscape triggered by open limestone mining on the surface in the 2014-2020 period. The supervised classification method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was used to detect the change in land cover from Landsat 8 imagery, and Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) was applied to detect the change in landform from Sentinel 1A imagery. As a result, between 2014 to 2020, open limestone mining in the Klapanunggal Karst Landscape was confirmed to have a significant impact on the land cover changes in Klapanunggal, from an area with full of vegetation to a mining area with 4.0 x 106 m2 wide, and eroded landform with a dominant land deformation rate in the range of -47.75 to -39.50 cm/year and -39.50 to -31.25 cm/year. The limestone mining activity in the period of 2014 2020 was estimated to have mined limestone with a volume of 30.7 x 106 m3. Limestone surface mining has destructed Klapanunggal Karst Landscape, further research was needed to examine the adverse impacts on the hydrogeological system.
Increasing demand of cement has affected to environment destruction. PM10 pollution that emitted by cement industries in Klapanunggal and Citeureup Sub-districts have affected the health of workers and the people around the industrial site in long-term period. This research discusses the identification on variation of PM10 pollution concentration that emitted by cement industries in Klapanunggal and Citeureup Sub-districts spatiotemporally. The method we used in estimating concentrated PM10 was by applying aerosol optical thickness (AOT) algorithm on Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI within 16 years (2002-2018) period of time. The results show that PM10 concentration in Klapanunggal and Citeureup were fluctuated within those 16 years. High concentrated PM10 were tended to agglomerate in cement processing plant, cement-based industrial plant (where cement is used as raw material), and limestone mining which have meaning of causing bad impact to environment sustainability and increase the risk in morbidity and mortality.
Wonosari-Punung Formation of Middle Miocene-Pliocene and Semilir Formation ofEarly-Middle Miocene consists of Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape in Ponjong and Semanu District; Gunungkidul Regency. Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape has advanced karstification so that the morphology of exokarst and endokarst could be formed. Cave entrance as a marker of the endokarst morphology existence is formed by varying morphometry. This research aims to determine cave entrance distribution pattern based on a cave entrance morphometry. These research variables are cave entrance morphometry; geological formation; and geological structure (geological lineament). The analytical method uses nearest neighbour analysis (NNA) and lineament analysis. The result of this research shows that vertical cave entrance with oval; narrow; and irregularity shape have dispersed distribution pattern in Wonosari-Punung Formation. Horizontal cave entrance with irregular; rectangular; narrow; and an oval shape; have clustered pattern of distribution in the Wonosari-Punung and Semilir Formations. This research is used as a preliminary study for the development of underground water resources that are commonly found in caves of Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape.
Fuzzy logic allows ambiguity and obscurity. Fuzzy logic explains that truth is not an absolute way. Rather, it presents data in ranges. This becomes the advantage of fuzzy logic in categorizing spatial data in a natural way. Cave entrance identification in karst landscape has an important value because caves are the alternative water resources and conservation region for biota biodiversities, archaeological heritage, and other research for the different discipline of science. This research was conducted in Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape with varied physiography, Ponjong and Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency. The purpose of this research is to examine the accuracy of fuzzy logic in identifying cave entrance. This research is an integration between geographic information system and remote sensing. Alos Palsar imagery is processed to produce drainage density, slope, and elevation region, while Sentinel 1 imagery processing produces lineament density. Other spatial data used in this research include monthly rainfall data and geology formation. All variables in raster format are reclassified using fuzzy membership and then overlaid with fuzzy overlay. The result is that cave entrance is found in the region with high fuzzy logic value range. Fuzzy logic has high accuracy in identifying cave entrance in Ponjong and Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency.
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