Histone deacetylase (HDAC) has a critical function in regulating gene expression. The inhibition of HDAC has developed as an interesting anticancer research area that targets biological processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. In this study, an HDAC inhibitor that is available commercially, suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), has been modified to improve its efficacy and reduce the side effects of the compound. Hydrophobic cap and zinc-binding group of these compounds were substituted with boron-based compounds, whereas the linker region was substituted with p-aminobenzoic acid. The molecular docking analysis resulted in 8 ligands with ΔG
binding value more negative than the standards, SAHA and trichostatin A (TSA). That ligands were analyzed based on the nature of QSAR, pharmacological properties, and ADME-Tox. It is conducted to obtain a potent inhibitor of HDAC class II Homo sapiens. The screening process result gave one best ligand, Nova2 (513246-99-6), which was then further studied by molecular dynamics simulations.
Controlled reductive assembly of capped Keggin anions [PMo(12)O(40)(ML(m))(n)](3-) has been achieved by reduction of [PMo(12)O(40)](3-) with sodium-mercury amalgam in the presence of metal halides, as exemplified by the rational syntheses of mono-capped [PMo(12)O(40){Co(MeCN)(2)}](3-) and bi-capped [PMo(12)O(40)(VO)(2)](3-) and [PMo(12)O(40)Sb(2)](3-).
A simple preparation of sodium impregnated on activated chicken eggshells (Na-ACE) as a solid base material for substituted chalcones synthesis is presented. After characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS and total basicity, the catalyst was applied in Aldol condensation to produce corresponding chalcones 3a-3j. Confirmation of products structure has been done by FTIR, UV-Vis and MS instruments. Reaction can be carried out in relative short time with ethanol as the best solvent and gave the highest yield of 95 %. This research presented a facile synthesis of chalcone derivatives, the prominent class of organic compounds with interesting biological activities.
We aimed to assess and observe the accumulation of Cu, Cd, and Hg heavy metals on land and the contamination of plant tissues in Grand Forest Park, Palu, Indonesia, and its surrounding areas. The method used was a mix between survey and investigation, integrating data on research findings from before 2013 to 2016 with data from 2018. The data were analyzed using a correlation test, and descriptive statistics are presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results show that the highest concentration of Hg was found in the Poboya processing area (575.16 ppm) in 2013, though it gradually decreased to 287.64 ppm in 2018. The results of the Spearman’s rank test at the ∝ 0.05 level between average Cu land and Cu plant concentrations show that the obtained value (r) was 0.52 with a rho (ρ) of 0.13, which is not significant (ρ 0.13 > 0.05), while for Cd and Hg metals, the obtained r values were 0.88 and 0.86, respectively. These two metals showed significant correlations between concentrations of Cd and Hg on land and Cd and Hg in plant tissues (both ρ 0.001 < 0.05). Specifically, the transfer factor (TF) value at the sampling sites of the Grand Forest Park area, Ngatabaru, and PBY from the average of various Hg concentrations in plants was much higher than the TF values of Cu and Cd, specifically being Hg > Cd = Cu or 0.61 > 0.17 = 0.17.
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