Stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) resistance in groundnut genotypes was due to activities of defense enzymes such as, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Bio-agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from groundnut rhizosphere enhances the activities of defense enzymes through salicylic acid induced systemic resistance. In resistant genotypes (NRCGCS-19 and NRCGCS-319) higher activities of defense enzymes were recorded constitutively while in susceptible genotypes it was increased after bio-agent treatment. The activities of pathogenesis related-proteins viz., polygalacturonase and chitinase were registered in plants inoculated with S. rolfsii. Enzymes, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and chitinase showed strong negative correlation with disease severity index. However, the activity of polygalacturonase was directly related to disease severity index and inversely related to activity of chitinase. Hence, to obtain required levels of crop protection against S. rolfsii one has to grow either resistant genotypes or bio-agent treated susceptible genotypes.
Halophytes are a group of plants that possess the ability to withstand a
broad range of salinity levels, extending even beyond the concentration
found in seawater. Soil salinity can indirectly impact plant development
but this effect can be minimized by the activities of beneficial
bacteria residing in the rhizosphere of halophytic plants. This research
undertaking employed next-generation sequencing technology to examine
the rhizobacteria associated with the roots of five distinct halophytic
plant species. By utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplification, the findings
unveiled the prevalence of bacterial members belonging to the phyla
Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Igvanibacteriae,
Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes, with
Proteobacteria being the most abundant phylum. Furthermore, a
comparative analysis was conducted to explore the existence of diverse
bacterial communities associated with halophytic plants at the species,
genus, and family levels. This study conducted in the Saurashtra region
of Gujarat offers valuable insights into the species that contribute to
the maintenance of biogeochemical cycles within the ecosystem.
Additionally, it facilitates the identification of plant
growth-promoting, halotolerant bacteria, which can potentially enhance
the salinity tolerance of non-halophytic crops. Notably, this study
represents the first metagenomic investigation conducted on the
rhizosphere of any halophytic plant species from the Gujarat region of
India.
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