The idea of reconstruction of Islamic philosophy in modern conditions is actualized due to the fact that there are problems of a natural and social nature, which can be designated as catastrophes and crises. In such critical conditions of challenge, a synthesis of spirituality and scientificity is in demand, which is the foundation for solving emerging difficulties and consolidating humanity. In this regard, the authors of the article turn to the widely discussed controversy in modern Islamic discourse on the compatibility of Islam and science and come to the conclusion that it is inevitable to support and expand the possibilities of rational research and the search for knowledge inspired by the Qur’an. A classic historical example of the rationalization of knowledge in Islamic discourse is the Arabic-Greek philosophy - falsafa (al-falsafa al-’arabiyya al-mu’aṣira). The complex problems of the current level of development of religion, science, politics, economics, culture, and civilization require new research approaches, new dimensions and tools in the XXI century. The theory of self-organization and evolution of large nonlinear systems has become a new fact and factor in the development of the science of studying complex local and global problems.
The purpose of the article was to formulate a general problem and clarify the hypothesis of research on the design of a humanitarian quantorium as a technological digital environment for the formation of teacher competencies in the subject areas “History” and “Social Sciences”, to determine the set and content of teacher competencies in the field of applying humanitarian education technologies. The leading research methods described in this article were the method of foresight design, the method of expert panels and methods for the diagnostic study of occupational deficiencies. The materials presented in the article contain a description of the results of a pilot study on identifying professional deficiencies of a history and social science teacher, a generalized, refined set and content of the future teacher’s competencies in the field of applying humanitarian education technologies in a digital environment, a conceptual rationale for equipping a humanitarian quantorium as a technological environment for the formation of teacher competencies. In the substantiation, an integrated approach was applied, which allows to combine the content of humanitarian education, teaching technologies and digital means into a single innovative didactic space. The conclusions are drawn to the peculiarities of the application of the humanitarian quantorium model in the wide practice of professional training of history and social studies teachers for the implementation of the developmental capabilities of the subjects of the humanitarian cycle and improving the quality of humanitarian education.
The question of the relationship between religion and power in the post-secular era, as well as the problem of social inequality of new religious movements with traditional religions, is a real challenge, and not only to social sciences. The relevance of the topic reveals the inevitability of analyzing the phenomenon of the revival of religiosity, in which complex processes of lack of trust, the interconnection of systemic development and religious security take place. The search for solutions to the problem requires an understanding of historical experience, including an appeal to socio-philosophical analysis. The article presents a reflection on the principles in solving problems related to the prevention of the influence of destructive religious groups. The proposed example of a socio-philosophical analysis of the problem under study, as one of several interrelationships between religion, power, education and humanism, is carried out through the concepts of “spiritual security”, “religious security”, “education”, “critical thinking” and “confessional stability”. In conclusion, a thesis is proposed that allows a multi-level and deeper discussion of the problem with the ability to formulate real solutions and their conditions.
The article considers the problem of developing conceptual principles of philosophical and cultural studies of society that are adequate to its current metastable state, taking into account its transition to the era of a new type of cultural development (information, project management culture, etc.). The global informatization of society, the conditions under which the cultural information environment functions, is in our time the main source of social inequality. The relevance of the study is due to the transition to a new type of cultural development in the form of self-structuring of the personality, directly related to the self-structuring of the noosphere on the way of a wide awareness of the fact of knowledge, streamlining their structure, as well as determining mutual transitions between knowledge and information and obtaining knowledge from information. The specificity of the development of information culture is shown, which contributes to the reduction of uncertainty in the functioning of various social or innovative clusters with the help of management signals. It is also shown that it becomes a condition for society to gain additional degrees of freedom. New approaches used in the work are developed on the basis of a synergistic expansion of the research method. The methodological basis of the study adopted the ideas and methods of modern systemology, philosophical synergetics and structural epistemology. The analysis shows that the mass culture of the mid-twentieth - beginning of the twenty-first centuries. remains a relatively unimaginable phenomenon in terms of general and philosophical cultural studies.
The authors of the article proceed from the fact that in the Hegelian philosophy of law, the discursive content of the notion “court of history” has not received a detailed explication, and it must be reconstructed on the basis of the entire context of Hegel’s philosophy. Hegel’s spiritual understanding of history is inextricably linked with his understanding of the role of Christianity in the history of mankind and in the formation of history itself as an integral process. According to the authors, in his Christology, Hegel connects together religious issues, the definition of the meaning of history and his interpretation of the essence of law and state. Thus, following Hegel, one can philosophically understand history (“Geschichte”) as the highest court and rationally interpret the concept of the highest court as a category of philosophy of law. History, which contains the mystery of the “Sacred History”, turns out to be the highest instance of law and state.
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