Tarakan merupakan salah satu pulau dengan komoditas budidaya rumput laut terbesar di Provinsi Kaltara. Salah satu jenis rumput laut potensial yang dihasilkan dari perairan Kota Tarakan berasal dari jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii dengan wilayah ekspor hingga ke Jepang dan Tiongkok. Namun, berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan nelayan pada tahun 2016 hingga akhir 2018 harga bahan baku rumput laut cenderung fluktuatif bahkan akhir tahun 2016 cenderung turun drastis dari Rp.16.000/kg menjadi Rp. 7.000/kg. Dalam rangka antisipasi harga rumput laut yang fluktuatif, maka perlu diupayakan suatu usaha hilirisasi guna meningkatkan nilai daya jual rumput laut dipasaran. Salah satu bentuk hilirisasi adalah dengan mengolah rumput laut menjadi olahan sambal banjar. Proses pendampingan dilakukan selama proses hilirisasi pengolahan sambal banjar rumput laut, seperti: penerapan teknologi mesin dalam mengolah sambal banjar rumput laut, pengenalan informasi terkait nilai persentase Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) dan pengeambangan desain kemasan dalam rangka promosi dan menarik minat konsumen.
The Kayan River is the longest in North Kalimantan, inhabited by various types of aquatic biota. However, in recent times there have been established multi-national oil palm plantations and mining around the Kayan River which will have an impact on the Kayan River ecosystem. The aim of this study is to determine the ecological status of the Kayan River based on current conditions. Fish sampling is carried out along the Kayan River starting from the upper reaches of the Bahau River to the downstream. Identification of fish is based on the Fishbase Organization, FAO and Kottelat. Measurement of water discharge using the SNI 8066: 2015 method, Total Suspended Solid refers to SNI 06-6989.3-2004. Determination of species diversity using the Shannon-Wiener Index, while the measurement of dominance index uses the Simson Index. The results obtained 37 species from 16 families during the 2019-2020. The family of Cyprinidae is the largest fund with 32%. Among the 37 species found 9 native species of Kalimantan, 3 invasive species, 1 species of saltwater fish, and 2 species of fish are included in the IUCN red list. Fish that are included in the endemic/native category of the Kayan River are Anguilla borneensis, Hemibagrus capitulum, Nematabramis alettes borneensis, Clupeoides borneensis and Osphrenemus septemfaciatus, and Pangasius rheophilus. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the ecological status of the Kayan River fish is still considered very good and stable during the research period.
The level of absorption of fish nutrients is highly dependent on the source and components of the feed. Feeds with high protein have not been able to be absorbed optimally by fish. The use of synthetic enzymes as proteolytic agents to convert proteins into amino acids that are easily absorbed by fish has been widely used. However, synthetic enzymes has side effects and is quite expensive. The application of papain enzymes derived from papaya leaf as a substitute for synthetic enzymes is very necessary. This purpose of this study to examine the effect of commercial feed with the addition of papaya leaf meal (C. papaya) on the growth out of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The feed treatment was given with a mixture of papaya leaf with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations. The result of this study showed tha absolute growth ranged from 1.04 – 1.36 grams, specific weight growth ranged from 3.47 – 4.53%, absolute length growth ranged from 2.52 – 2.87 cm, survival rate ranged from 63 – 80%, and FCR ranged from 0.93 – 0.99. However, after the analysis of variance showed that the results were not significantly different (P>0.05) on all observed parameters. Based on the results of the study, the use of papaya leaf meal (C. papaya) as a commercial feed mixture with the best composition was 2%.
Pandemi Corona viruses disease 2019 (Covid-19) yang menghantam dunia secara umum dan seluruh penjuru indonesia secara khusus telah meluluh-lantahkan ekonomi dari berbagai sektor termasuk sektor. Produksi dari hulu hingga ke hilir usaha sektor perikanan khususnya pakan budidaya harus bisa tetap terjaga di tengah pandemi global akibat Covid-19. Peningkatan produksi pakan tersebut harus ditopang dengan peningkatan keterampilan baik softskill dan hardskill bagi masyarakat terdampak, seperti mahasiwa perbatasan Provinsi Kaltara. Namun, beberapa kendala yang sering muncul dalam budidaya ikan air tawar adalah rendahnya pertumbuhan kultivan yang disebabkan oleh pemberian nutrisi dan pakan yang mengandung energi tinggi tetapi tidak mampu dicerna oleh ikan. Disamping itu, pakan memiliki biaya operasional yang cukup tinggi yaitu sekitar 60%-70%, dimana sebagian besar dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein pakan disuplai dari penggunaan tepung ikan sedangkan, Indonesia memiliki ketergantungan terhadap bahan baku pakan ikan impor, namun berdasarkan perkembangan pandemi wabah Covid-19 yang menyebabkan semua pintu gerbang masuk (gateway) ke Indonesia ditutup menyebabkan pasokan pakan impor tidak tercukupi untuk menunjang produksi perikanan tawar, termasuk diwilayah Kaltara. Strategi khusus yang dilakukan untuk menunjang kebutuhan nutrisi dan pakan ikan adalah dengan menggunakan bahan baku alternatif yang mudah diperoleh diwilayah Kaltara sendiri. Adapun bahan baku alternatif yang bisa dijadikan pakan ikan mandiri yang mudah dan tidak bernilai ekonomis adalah ikan rucah, kepala udang, karamunting, daun pepaya. Bahan-bahan alternatif tersebut memiliki nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh kultivan jika diformulasikan menjadi pakan.
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